Effective Whistleblowing Conceptual Framework

Apaza, Carmen R.; Chang, Yongjin

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-40200-6_1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…To assess effective whistleblowing, five factors are especially relevant: 1) the types of whistleblowing, 2) the role of mass media, 3) evidence, 4) retaliation, and 5) legal protection (Apaza and Chang, 2020). Roberts (2014) similarly identified six categories of motivations that influence perceptions of the effectiveness of disclosures: personal, public, private, ethical, contextual factors, and psychological factors.…”

Section: Literature Review On Whistleblower Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effectiveness of whistleblower protection: A new index

Baljija¹,

Min

2023

Data & Policy

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Many international organisations have recently acknowledged the significance of whistleblowing in preventing institutional corruption, particularly in the public sector. Likewise, many countries have enacted whistleblower protection laws, though a robust whistleblower protection system certainly requires much more than legislation. One challenge in developing effective protection systems is finding empirical evidence to evaluate existing systems. Can we measure the effectiveness of whistleblower protection systems accross different countries? What conditions do we need to make the whistleblower protection system work effectively in the public sector? This paper investigates two cases: South Korea and the Republic of Kosovo. South Korean data comes from the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission of South Korea, while its counterpart from Kosovo comes from a survey of 400 public officials about whistleblower protection. By analysing both datasets, this paper creates a new index that evaluates the effectiveness of whistleblower protection. Composed of quantitative and qualitative sub-indices, the index serves as a digital comparison tool for assessing whistleblower protection systems across different countries and at different times. In addition to enacting high-quality laws, this index identifies several additional measures that can strengthen whistleblower protection systems in the public sector.

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Section: Literature Review On Whistleblower Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effectiveness of whistleblower protection: A new index

Baljija¹,

Min

2023

Data & Policy

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“…Whistleblowing in response to corrupt practices may produce positive outcomes for institutions. Whistleblowers are a source of valuable information that neither the government nor the public can get from oversight systems (Apaza and Chang 2020). Although research on whistleblowing has started to expand since 1980, there are increasing demands to approaching it through various organizational contexts in order to better understand how to design more robust whistleblowing protection systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Whistleblowing Perceptions among the Civil Service of the Republic of Kosovo

Baljija

Rustemi

2021

NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy

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In 2018, the Parliament of the Republic of Kosovo approved the Law on the Protection of Whistleblowers, setting up the foundations of the whistleblower protection system for the public and private sectors in the country. In line with the international principles for drafting legislation for the protection of whistleblowers, the law provides three channels for reporting wrongdoing and grants protection against any form of retaliation for whistleblowers. Noting the absence of institutional data on whistleblowing in the public sector, for this research article, a survey was implemented with individual members of civil service in Kosovo (n=400), during the period from September to November 2019, to collect primary data related to factors incentivizing and / or discouraging the decision to whistleblow. Data were collected at the national and local levels of state administration, as per the scope of the definition of the civil service by Kosovo legislation. In this contribution, research results reveal that the protection against any form of retaliation guaranteed by the law is not sufficient for members of civil service in Kosovo to support the decision to whistleblow, as concerns arise for the security and physical integrity of their respective family members. Law does not provide financial incentives for civil servants to whistleblow. Data reveal that a satisfactory level of trust is missing on organizational indicators such as trust in the responsible officer, protection of data confidentiality and anonymity, across different levels of categories of civil service. In line with the concerns voiced by members of civil service and international standards for whistleblower protection, the following actionable recommendations are proposed to advance the whistleblowing system in Kosovo: 1) Improve the provision of training for members of civil service on whistleblowing legislation, organizational procedures, whistleblower protection, and rights; 2) Establish strategies to support employees for whistleblowing. Such strategies would include programs enabling whistleblowers access to professional services such as stress management, counseling, and legal services; 3) Enhance security measures for the physical integrity of whistleblowers and their respective family members; 4) Establish incentives to encourage whistleblowing, such as financial rewards.

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Anti-Corruption Initiatives and the Digital Challenge: The Role of Civil Society Organizations and Whistleblowing Infrastructures in the Italian Context

Fubini,

Lo Piccolo

2024

American Behavioral Scientist

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Civil society organizations increasingly rely on digital technologies to intervene in the whistleblowing process and advance their anti-corruption goals. However, scholars have yet to investigate how civil society organizations’ use of digital technologies impacts their role as whistleblowing actors and what consequences this might entail. Moving from this gap, the article explores how civil society organizations exploit digital technologies to intervene in the whistleblowing process and how their use of digital technologies affects patterns of interactions with institutional actors in the whistleblowing process. The article combines situational and thematic analysis to investigate three whistleblowing initiatives deployed by Italian civil society organizations: Linea Libera, the Advocacy and Legal Advice Centre for Whistleblowers, and Whistleblowing PA. The results show that grassroots whistleblowing initiatives are more than just services or tools but represent whistleblowing infrastructures, running on more or less sophisticated technologies, which grant their developers a role as low- or high-tech intermediaries in the whistleblowing process, in turn affecting the relational dynamics between grassroots and institutional actors and civil society organizations’ influence over the whistleblowing process.

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Effective Whistleblowing Conceptual Framework

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluating the effectiveness of whistleblower protection: A new index

Evaluating the effectiveness of whistleblower protection: A new index

Measuring Whistleblowing Perceptions among the Civil Service of the Republic of Kosovo

Anti-Corruption Initiatives and the Digital Challenge: The Role of Civil Society Organizations and Whistleblowing Infrastructures in the Italian Context

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