Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid exposure on dopamine D2-like receptors in rat brain

Synergistic Effects of Copper and Butylic Ester of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (Esternon Ultra) on Amphibian Embryos

“…For copper, the LC 50 24 and 168 hr were 0.12 and 0.05 mg Cu 2+ /L respectively. The LCs are within the range obtained in previous studies [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The LC 10 for 168 hr resulted in 0.022 mg/L.…”

“…Although its higher toxicity is on autotrophyc organisms there are numerous reports of adverse effects on a wide diversity of heterotrophyc species [2]. Gorzinski et al showed a significant diminution in the gain weight and functional and structural alterations of kidneys of rats subchronically treated with 2,4-D (15-150 mg/kg/day for 13 days) [6], and it was also reported that different 2,4-D formulations produce neurotoxic effects such as ataxia and failures in neuromuscular coordination [7,8] probably related to changes in various neurotransmitter systems, such as serotonin and dopamine [9]. Its oxidative stress effects were reported as the diminution of glutathion and thiol-proteins, lipoperoxidation [10], increases in superoxide dismutase activity, changes in catalase, glutathione peroxidase and Glutathione S-transferase activities [11].…”

Ameliorative Effects of Melatonin Against 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Toxicity in Kidney of Mice – A Histological Study.

“…Moreover, the increment in plasma urea and creatinine levels and the reduction of uric acid in plasma along with histopathological alterations of 2,4-D-treated rats reported by Tayeb et al [8] also supported the impairment of renal functions. Teratogenic [11][12][13], genotoxic [14], neurotoxic [2,[15][16][17], immunosuppressive [18], cytotoxic [19][20], and hepatotoxic [21][22][23] effects of 2,4-D have also been well documented.…”

Oxidative Stress Induced by the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Herbicide

“…It is known that it disturbs metabolism (Palmeira et al, 1995). Moreover, immunosuppressive (Pistl et al, 2003), neurotoxic (Bortolozzi et al, 2004) and hepatotoxic effects have been well documented (Tuschl and Schawb, 2003;Tayeb et al, 2010). As a phenoxyherbicide, 2,4-D may cause an array of adverse effects to the nervous system such as myotonia, disruption of the activity of nervous system and behavioral changes (Bortolozzi et al, 2004).…”

“…Moreover, immunosuppressive (Pistl et al, 2003), neurotoxic (Bortolozzi et al, 2004) and hepatotoxic effects have been well documented (Tuschl and Schawb, 2003;Tayeb et al, 2010). As a phenoxyherbicide, 2,4-D may cause an array of adverse effects to the nervous system such as myotonia, disruption of the activity of nervous system and behavioral changes (Bortolozzi et al, 2004). In addition, it is known that 2,4-D provokes changes in the animal nervous system due to interaction with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (Sarikaya and Yılmaz, 2003;Caglan et al, 2008;Cattaneo et al, 2008).…”