Effects of added antibiotics on the basic properties of anti-washout-type fast-setting calcium phosphate cement

Abstract

The effect of added antibiotics on the basic properties of anti-washout-type fast-setting calcium phosphate cement (aw-FSCPC) was investigated in a preliminary evaluation of aw-FSCPC containing drugs. Flomoxef sodium was employed as the antibiotic and was incorporated into the powder-phase aw-FSCPC at up to 10%. The setting time, consistency, wet diametral tensile strength (DTS) value, and porosity were measured for aw-FSCPC containing various amounts of flomoxef sodium. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was also conducted for the identification of products. To evaluate the drug-release profile, set aw-FSCPC was immersed in saline and the released flomoxef sodium was determined at regular intervals. The spread area of the cement paste as an index of consistency of the cement increased progressively with the addition of flomoxef sodium, and it doubled when the aw-FSCPC contained 8% flomoxef sodium. In contrast, the wet DTS value decreased with increase in flomoxef sodium content. Bulk density measurement and scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that the set mass was more porous with the amount of flomoxef sodium contained in the aw-FSCPC. The XRD analysis revealed that formation of hydroxyapatite (HAP) from aw-FSCPC was reduced even after 24 h, when the aw-FSCPC contained flomoxef sodium at > or = 6%. Therefore, the decrease of wet DTS value was thought to be partly the result of the increased porosity and inhibition of HAP formation in aw-FSCPC containing large amounts of flomoxef sodium. The flomoxef sodium release from aw-FSCPC showed the typical profile observed in a skeleton-type drug delivery system (DDS). The rate of drug release from aw-FSCPC can be controlled by changing the concentration of sodium alginate. Although flomoxef sodium addition has certain disadvantageous effects on the basic properties of aw-FSCPC, we conclude that aw-FSCPC is a good candidate for potential use as a DDS carrier that may be useful in surgical operations.

Bone tissue engineering therapeutics: controlled drug delivery in three-dimensional scaffolds

“…However, PMMA is not a resorbable polymer and must be removed in a second surgical procedure (Vallet-Regí et al 2007;Shi et al 2009). In this context, it should be pointed out that most previous work on loading biomaterials with antibiotics for orthopaedic applications has been carried out on bone-filler materials and bone cements (Takechi et al 1998;Armstrong et al 2002;Diez-Peñ a et al 2002;Gbureck et al 2002;Joseph et al 2003;Hanssen 2004;Joosten et al 2004;Webb et al 2005;Schnieders et al 2006;Krasko et al 2007;Zilberman & Elsner 2008). In one of the first attempts to develop multifunctional re-absorbable implants, Queiroz et al (2001) prepared sodium ampicillin which was adsorbed onto HA and glass-reinforced HA composites as a potential pharmaceutical formulation for periodontitis.…”

Nano‐Sized Calcium Phosphate (CaP) Carriers for Non‐Viral Gene/Drug Delivery

“…Antibiotics, however, tend to increase the setting time of CPC and decrease the mechanical strength [120,121].…”

In vivo testing of nanoparticle-treated TTCP/DCPA-based ceramic surfaces

“…To address this problem, some methods have been developed to allow cement setting in a wet medium after reaction at the implantation site. These methods involve adding cohesion promoters and organic compounds to the CPCs [6,7].…”