Effects of bilayer nanofibrillar scaffolds containing epidermal growth factor on full‐thickness wound healing

Abstract

Wound healing refers to a complex, dynamic process in the body, especially the skin, which influences the quality of life of millions of people each year. Electrospinning is an efficient and economic technique for the production of micro-to nano-fibrillar constructs as drug delivery systems with biomedical applications. In this study, we designed an electrospun bilayer fibrillar scaffold immobilized with epidermal growth factor (EGF), using polycaprolactone (PCL) as the upper layer and chitosan (CS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the lower layer of wound dressing. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to characterize the scaffolds. The water uptake, release potency, and toxicity of scaffolds were evaluated, and also then DAPI staining and MTT assay after seeding adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, the effects of the scaffolds on the wound healing process were investigated in a mouse model of full-thickness skin injury. The results of SEM demonstrated continuous, smooth, bead-free, and randomly aligned fibers. The average diameter of CS/PVA nanofibers was 238.36 ± 36.99, and the mean diameter of PCL nanofibers was 1271.79 ± 428.49 nm. The scaffolds were capable of cell seeding and supported their growth and proliferation. Furthermore, in the comparison between designed composite as dressing patch and control group (Vaseline), our composite demonstrated significant differences, so that EGF-immobilized patch efficiently accelerated wound closure and improved histological healing in an in vivo full-thickness wound healing mouse model. The present results suggest the potential of the designed electrospun bilayer fibrillar scaffold containing EGF for the treatment of fullthickness wounds and skin regeneration. K E Y W O R D S chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/polycaprolactone, epidermal growth factor (EGF), mesenchymal stem cells, skin regeneration, wound healing 1 | INTRODUCTION Skin is one of the vital body tissues, which is composed of dermis, epidermis, and hypoderm (subcutaneous fat) layers and covers the external body surface. It constitutes almost 8% of the total mass of the body and has several crucial functions. 1 It provides an effective barrier against adverse external conditions and has properties, which can prevent microbial, mechanical, chemical, osmotic, thermal, and photo damage. Skin wounds, which can be caused by burns, venous ulcers, diabetic ulcers, and acute injury, are categorized into several types. Generally, wound healing is a dynamic and complex process, which is able to restore the skin's routine functionality and anatomical

Electrospun Polycaprolactone Nanofibers: Current Research and Applications in Biomedical Application

“…Hence, the authors provided a mix of various features of the elements, PCL, Epidermal growth factor, and PVA/Chitosan, to create a proper blend of multilayer compounds for bandage with improved capacities for healing wounds. 25 This study demonstrated that this electrospun composite scaffold shows adequate wound closure and enhanced wound healing. Tamayol and colleagues studied the effect of unified electrical heat, PEGylated-chitosan drug carrier loaded PGS−PCL fibrous structure for innovative delivery of medicines using a supple biodegradable wound dressing.…”

“…Inherent mechanical flexibility and weak water vapor permeability are additional appealing properties of PCL for treating wounds. Hence, the authors provided a mix of various features of the elements, PCL, Epidermal growth factor (EGF), and PVA/Chitosan, to create a proper blend of multilayer compounds for bandage with improved capacities for healing wounds 73 . This study demonstrated that this electrospun composite scaffold shows adequate wound closure and enhanced wound healing.…”

“…Figure 2 Schematic illustration of electrospun PCL-based nanofibrous constructs usage in biomedical applications. SEM images were used from 69,73,106 Figure 4 A: Schematic illustration of the process to fabricate tHA/PCL composite nanofibers using the electrospinning technique. B: SEM images of Blank PCL and tHA/PCL nanofibrous scaffolds.…”

The Effect of Fetal Bovine Acellular Dermal Matrix Seeded with Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Healing Full-Thickness Skin Wounds

“…Wang et al, used collagen-binding peptides to induce the homing of MSCs at the wound site [ 35 ]. Some researchers also showed that nanofiber scaffolds could be used to immobilize MSCs with promising results [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. As scaffolds from acellular matrices have attracted much attention in the treatment of degenerative diseases, their use has been proposed to improve wound healing.…”

Effective treatment of intractable diseases using nanoparticles to interfere with vascular supply and angiogenic process

“…As a result, improvements in the precision of vascular system regeneration as well as the interaction of the meshes into tissue are required. Biomaterial scaffolding is widely regarded as a critical element in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine [ 10 , 77 , 78 ]. They contribute to forming the fundamental framework of the tissue structures, which impacts the biological behavior of cells and the availability or effectiveness of growth factors.…”