Effects of carbohydrase enzyme supplementation on performance, eggshell quality, and bone parameters of laying hens fed on maize- and wheat-based diets

Abstract

1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of enzyme supplementation of maize/wheat-based diets on the performance, egg quality, and serum and bone parameters of laying hens. 2. During the 12-week experimental period, a total of 72 laying hens aged 52 weeks were randomly distributed among 6 experimental groups. Each experimental group contained 4 replicates, each with three birds. The experiment was a randomised design consisting of a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of wheat substitution and two levels of enzyme (xylanase: 1500.00 U/kg, β-glucanase: 100 000 U/kg, cellulase: 1 000 000 U/kg, α-amylase: 160 000 U/kg) inclusion in the diet. Wheat replaced 0, 50, or 100% of maize with or without 1.0 g/kg enzyme supplementation in iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric experimental diets. 3. Body weight, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, eggshell thickness, and the feed conversion ratio were adversely affected by the wheat-based diet. The eggshell quality parameters decreased with enzyme supplementation to the diet. 4. Wheat-based diets adversely affected calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the tibia, but the addition of the enzymes to the wheat-based diet prevented the negative effects of wheat-based diets on tibia mineralisation in laying hens. The wheat-based diets tended to reduce plasma mineral contents, and the addition of enzymes tended to affect plasma minerals and biomechanical properties of the tibia positively in laying hens. 5. These results indicate that wheat-based diets in aged laying hens adversely affected the mineral metabolism compared with maize-based diets, and the negative effects of wheat on bone mineralisation can be prevented by enzyme supplementation to the diets in laying hens.

The Effect of Dietary Rye Inclusion and Xylanase Supplementation on Structural Organization of Bone Constitutive Phases in Laying Hens Fed a Wheat-Corn Diet

“…Over and above genetic, endocrine, and environmental (including the housing system) factors, nutrition is acknowledged to be the most important factor affecting the quality of bones in laying hens, with nutritional factors playing an important role in the regulation of bone homeostasis [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Among others, dietary energy source is widely connected to bone mineralization, remodeling, and mechanical strength [19,20]. Nowadays, corn is the most commonly used energy source in the diets of intensively reared laying hens.…”

“…Therefore, when using exogenous enzymes, the maximum content of rye in the diet of laying hens can be as high as 40% [29,33,34]. While some studies show that the inclusion of cereals to corn-based diets does not affect egg performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in laying hens [34][35][36], the presence of NSP-rich grains in poultry diets has been shown to affect bone quality parameters [19,37]. For bone homeostasis and remodeling, the reported malabsorption of calcium, as well as fat-soluble vitamins, like vitamin D, is particularly important [38,39].…”

An update on carbohydrases: growth performance and intestinal health of poultry

“…(2017) proved that the performance parameters (growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality) were not affected by the enzyme supplementation with diets fed to broiler. Olgun et al. (2018) also proved that enzyme supplementation was not effective in preventing the negative effects of wheat on performance and eggshell quality.…”

Comprehensive strategies of Lignocellulolytic enzyme production from microbes and their applications in various commercial-scale faculties

“…A healthy and hygienic diet can also increase the life span of animals and reduce pharmaceutical expenditures by improving the immunity level against many pathogens and overcoming many diseases (Arriola et al, 2017;Refat et al, 2018). An animal's food intake will reflect on its fertility, too (Olgun et al, 2018). In these 4 years [2015][2016][2017][2018][2019], animal feed industries earn a lot, turn over up to 4000 billion dollars, and reach up to 4.2% of global wealth.…”