Effects of dialdehyde starch on calcification of collagen matrix

Abstract

Dialdehyde starch (DAS), a polymeric aldehyde derived from naturally occurring polysaccharide, was used as an additive to the collagen (COL) matrix in an effort to improve its physical and biological properties. The effects of DAS on the thermal stability of COL were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The conformational changes in COL were characterized by resistance to protease degradation assay, residual amine analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. To assess biocompatibility enhancement, the calcium content in porcine aortic valve interstitial cells (PAVICs) on exposure to cardiovascular stents coated with DAS-stabilized COL was examined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Thermal stability of DAS-stabilized COL was affected by DAS in a concentration dependent manner, reaching maximum at the saturation concentration (DAS:COL = 1:120) and decreasing the thermal stability at the concentrations above saturation. In the long-term exposure condition (21 days), stents coated with DAS at the lowest concentration significantly reduced the calcification rate of PAVIC, when compared with bare stent (p = 0.001). DAS appears to be an efficient additive to the COL matrix in improving its physical and biological properties. Further optimization process is needed for the suitable crosslinking conditions of DAS, which subsequently enhances thermal strength and anticalcification activities of COL matrix.

Immobilization of collagen peptide on dialdehyde bacterial cellulose nanofibers via covalent bonds for tissue engineering and regeneration

“…20,21 The main product has the Schiff base structure ( Figure 1). [22][23][24] The reaction between the amino groups of Col-p and the aldehyde group of DBC is represented by Equation 3:…”

“…The DBC membranes were prepared according to the following steps: 1) BC membranes (diameter =15 mm, thickness =2.8 mm) were mixed with 2 mL of 0.01-0.1 M sodium periodate (NaIO 4 ); 2) the mixtures were stirred gently at 20°C in the dark for desired reaction times (24,72,120, and 168 hours); 3) after the excess periodate was decomposed with ethylene glycol, the products (C2, 3-oxidized dialdehyde BC, DBC) were washed with distilled water.…”

“…These samples were then immersed into 10 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH =6.0, 7.0, and 8.0) at 37°C±0.1°C. Two hundred microliters of solution was taken at regular time intervals (6,12,24,36,48, and 60 hours) and analyzed for the amount of Col-p released using BCA protein assay kits.…”

Crosslinking effect of dialdehyde starch (DAS) on decellularized porcine aortas for tissue engineering

“…As low-molecular-weight compound, GA contains extensive cytotoxic aldehydes, which can be easily and continually released to give a prolonged toxic effect. Moreover, the low-molecular-weight aldehydes hydrolyzed from GA-fixed tissues led to an accelerative calcification [5,6]. Therefore, using DAS to fix tissues may be a more viable option due to its negligible antigenicity, excellent biocompatibility and superior biomechanical property to native or GA-fixed tissues [7][8][9].…”

“…DAStreated tissues may possess excellent biocompatibility and suitable biodegradability comparable to DCMC-fixed ones. Furthermore, aldehyde groups were considered as a main factor of accelerating calcification rate, DAS-fixed aortas might exhibit anticalcificational potential since there were scarcely exposed free-aldehyde groups on it [5,11].…”