Effects of Dietary Chromium Chloride Supplementation on Performance, Some Serum Parameters, and Immune Response in Broilers

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of increasing dietary levels of inorganic chromium (CrCl3 x 6H2O) on the performance, blood chemistry, and immune response of broilers. Eighty newly hatched Ross PM3 broiler chicks were evenly distributed to five groups of 16 chicks each. Two groups (control and only sheep red blood cell inoculated) were fed the basal diet containing 2.2 and 4.5 mg Cr/kg and the remaining groups were fed 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg Cr-supplemented diets for 44 d. Chicks in all groups, except in the control, at 3 and 5 wk of age, were injected intraperitonally with sheep red blood cell for determining the primary and secondary antibody responses, respectively. When the chicks were 4 wk of age, a delayed-type hypersensitivity test was performed. White blood cells were differentiated. Blood samples were collected for the determination of serum proteins, glucose, cholesterol, cortisol, minerals, and alkaline phosphatase activity and for antibody response. Chromium had no effect on weight gain, but 20 mg/kg supplemental Cr resulted in 18.57% reduction in feed consumption and improved feed efficiency by 16.77%. Chromium did not affect serum cholesterol and P levels but reduced serum glucose and increased serum protein, Cr, Ca, and Mg levels, and ALP activity. A slight reduction was observed with Cr supplementation in cortisol levels. Slight but not significant increases were observed with Cr in serum Zn and Cu. Chromium increased the ratio of bursa of Fabricius and liver to body weight. Heterophil and monocyte counts and heterophil/lymphocyte ratio were reduced and lymphocyte counts, total antibody, IgG, and IgM titers were increased by supplemental Cr. All levels of Cr increased the cell-mediated response to phytohemagglutinin. No alterations in tissues were observed by histopathological examinations.

Effects of Supplemental Chromium Source and Concentration on Growth, Carcass Characteristics, and Serum Lipid Parameters of Broilers Reared Under Normal Conditions

“…Sahin et al [6] found that diets supplemented with CrPic (400 mg Cr/kg diet) resulted in a decrease in serum TC concentrations in stressful conditions. Contrary, under the normal rearing conditions, Uyanik et al [32] found that CrCl 3 added in different concentrations (20,40, 80 mg Cr/kg diet) did not affect serum TC. Motozono et al [24] reported that TC and TG in the serum showed no change associated with the addition of CrPic to the diet under normal rearing conditions.…”

Influência do cromo no desempenho, na qualidade da carne e no teor de lipídeos no plasma sanguíneo de frangos de corte

“…Lien et al (2001) também avaliaram a suplementação de cromo na dieta frangos de corte (1.600 e 3.200 μg /kg) e verificaram diminuição dos níveis de glicose, VLDL e LDL e aumento de triglicérides e HDL. Uyanik et al (2002) suplementaram a dieta de poedeiras com 20 ppm de cromo e não notaram redução significativa dos níveis sorológicos de colesterol total, apesar da queda nos níveis de triglicérides. Por outro lado, Sands & Smith (2002) utilizaram picolinato de cromo e manganês proteinado na dieta de frangos de corte e não observaram variação nas concentrações sorológicas de ácidos graxos não-esterificados, triglicérides, HDL e colesterol total, porém os níveis de ácidos graxos não-esterificados tenderam a uma diminuição.…”

Synergistic Ameliorative Effects of Organic Chromium and Selenium Against Heat Stress in Japanese Quails: Performance, Immunological, Hematological, Biochemical And Antioxidant Studies

“…Several studies demonstrated that Cr dietary incorporation results in improved the immune response and immune functions of broilers (Bahrami et al, 2012).Enhancement of the cellmediated immune responses in chickens (Rajalekshmi et al, 2014). Improved the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in birds (Uyanik et al, 2002) .Higher antibody titers against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis viruses (Ebrahimzadeh et al, 2012). Enhanced the vaccination response against Newcastle disease and Influenza viruses in broiler chickens (Naghieh et al, 2010) .…”