Effects of Head-Slaved and Peripheral Displays on Lane-Keeping Performance and Spatial Orientation

Abstract

To improve the efficiency of images presented in low-cost vehicle simulators, the virtual viewing direction (i.e., the direction in which the image is rendered) can be head-slaved, the display can be surrounded with a less detailed peripheral image, or both. Three simulator experiments were used to evaluate the effect of these techniques on lane-keeping performance and spatial orientation. In Experiment 1, vehicle references or a head-slaved display (HSD) provided feedback on the virtual viewing direction. Vehicle references improved lane-keeping performance somewhat with a standard 50 degrees h x 50 degrees v display. An HSD (50 degrees h x 50 degrees v) allowed better steering performance, but not to the levels obtained with a wide display (150 degrees h x 50 degrees v). Experiments 2a and 2b evaluated the effects of surrounding the HSD with a less detailed peripheral image and of moving the HSD discretely or continuously. With the peripheral image, lane-keeping performance (Experiment 2a) and spatial orientation (Experiment 2b) were similar to those with a wide display. In both experiments, performance with the discretely moving HSD was superior to that with the continuously moving HSD. The results show that low-cost driving simulators can be equipped with more efficient displays that are as effective as wide displays for lane-keeping and spatial orientation.

Gaze-Contingent Multiresolutional Displays: An Integrative Review

“…For example, aircraft identification at 5 nautical miles requires a resolution of 42 pixels/deg (21 cycles/degree) and recognition of a land vehicle at 2 nautical miles requires resolution of about 35 pixels/deg (17.5 cycles/degree) (Turner, 1984). Other types of simulators, e.g., automotive, have shown benefits from using GCMRDs as well (Kappe, Erp, & Korteling, 1999)(see also the Medical simulations and displays section below).…”

“…Remote driving requires both a wide field of view and enough resolution to be able to discern textures and identify objects. Studies have shown that operators are not comfortable operating an automobile (e.g., jeep) with a 40° field of view system, especially turning corners, but feel more confident with a 120° field of view (Kappe et al, 1999;McGovern, 1993;van Erp & Kappe, 1997). In addition, high-resolution is needed to identify various obstacles, and color can help distinguish such things as asphalt versus dirt roads (McGovern, 1993).…”

Visual Homing Is Possible Without Landmarks: A Path Integration Study in Virtual Reality

“…sFOV Ͼ FOV corresponds to a wide-angle effect, sFOV Ͻ FOV corresponds to a telescope-like view. realistic spatial perception and has a positive influence on motion perception, sense of presence, visual recognition, lane-keeping performance, spatial orientation, spatial updating, navigation, spatial perception, and visuomotor activities (Alfano & Michel, 1990;Arthur, 2000;Hendrix & Barfield, 1996;Kappe, Erp, & Korteling, 1999;Loomis, Klatzky, & Lederman, 1991;Riecke, von der Heyde, & Bülthoff, 2001;Rieser, Hill, Talor, Bradfield, & Rosen, 1992;Ruddle & Jones, 2001). On the other hand, most displays currently have a rather limited FOV (usually below 60 deg.…”

The Evaluation of a Motion Base Driving Simulator in a Cave at Tacom

“…Different combinations of motion and visuals conditions also resulted in differences in the driver's ability to precisely maneuver the vehicle. We would expect drivers to have less success with precision maneuvers with the HMD due to the lack of peripheral visual stimulation and the interference it has been show to cause in lane tracking (Jamson, 2001;Kappe, van Erp, and Korteling, 1999;DeVries and Padmos, 1997) and understanding subtle self-rotation (Schulte-Pelkum, Riecke, and Von der Heyde, 2003). Drivers tended to drive faster and maneuver more aggressively when using the HMD within cone zones in this study.…”