Effects of intraruminal sodium chloride infusion on rumen and renal nitrogen and electrolyte dynamics in sheep

Godwin, Ian; Williams, V. J.

doi:10.1079/bjn19860119

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…FE tests have also been used to assess the renal response to changes in diet in dogs 45,46,75 and cats 47 . In dogs and cats with reduced magnesium intake, FE Mg was decreased 66,132 …”

Section: Use Of Fe Tests In Experimental and Clinical Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fractional excretion tests: a critical review of methods and applications in domestic animals

Lefebvre

Dossin

Trumel

et al. 2008

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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The fractional excretion (FE) of a constituent by the kidney is the fraction of the amount filtered by the glomerulus, which is excreted into urine. It is mostly determined for electrolytes, and is expressed as the ratio of the clearance of a given electrolyte to creatinine clearance. The main physiologic factors affecting FE variation are species, age, and the alimentary supply of electrolytes. The value of FE tests in the diagnosis of kidney disease is limited, except in canine Fanconi's syndrome. FEs of many constituents often are increased in chronic kidney disease, but their diagnostic value is no greater than that of plasma creatinine concentration. FEs also are altered in nonrenal diseases such as diabetes mellitus and rhabdomyolysis, and during treatment with xylazine, rehydration fluids, and diuretics. FEs, especially of calcium, phosphates, and magnesium, are useful in clinical nutrition to assess mineral balance. FE is difficult to measure, so its use should be limited to nutritional investigations and nephrology research.

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“…FE tests have also been used to assess the renal response to changes in diet in dogs 45,46,75 and cats 47 . In dogs and cats with reduced magnesium intake, FE Mg was decreased 66,132 …”

Section: Use Of Fe Tests In Experimental and Clinical Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A change in the content of a single constituent may affect the FE of other electrolytes. For instance, in sheep, intraruminal sodium chloride infusion markedly increased the urinary excretion of sodium, chloride, calcium, and magnesium 46 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractional excretion tests: a critical review of methods and applications in domestic animals

Lefebvre

Dossin

Trumel

et al. 2008

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…A notable characteristic of BPR was its relatively high sodium chloride (NaCl) content. Ruminant animals are able to excrete large quantities of NaCl [ 25 , 26 ]. Thus, they are tolerant of higher levels and increased intake of NaCl might not pose a problem if sufficient drinking water is provided [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of feed value of a by-product of pickled radish for ruminants: analyses of nutrient composition, storage stability, and in vitro ruminal fermentation

2016

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BackgroundBy-products of pickled radish (BPR) are considered food waste. Approximately 300 g/kg of the total mass of raw materials becomes BPR. Production of pickled radish has grown continuously and is presently about 40,000 metric tons annually in Korea. The objective of the present study was thus to explore the possibility of using BPR as a ruminant feed ingredient.ResultsBPR contained a large amount of moisture (more than 800 g/kg) and ash, and comprised mostly sodium (103 g/kg DM) and chloride (142 g/kg DM). On a dry matter basis, the crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) levels in BPR were 75 g/kg and 7 g/kg, respectively. The total digestible nutrient (TDN) level was 527 g/kg and the major portion of digestible nutrients was carbohydrate; 88 % organic matter (OM) was carbohydrate and 65 % of total carbohydrate was soluble or degradable fiber. The coefficient of variation (CV) of nutrient contents among production batches ranged from 4.65 to 33.83 %. The smallest CV was observed in OM, and the largest, in EE. The variation in CP content was relatively small (10.11 %). The storage stability test revealed that storage of BPR at 20 °C (room temperature) might not cause spoilage for 4 d, and possibly longer. If BPR is refrigerated, spoilage can be deferred for 21 d and longer. The in vitro ruminal fermentation study showed that substitution of annual ryegrass straw with BPR improved ruminal fermentation, as evidenced by an increase in VFA concentration, DM degradability, and total gas production.ConclusionThe major portion of nutrients in BPR is soluble or degradable fiber that can be easily fermented in the rumen without adverse effects, to provide energy to ruminant animals. Although its high sodium chloride content needs to be considered when formulating a ration, BPR can be successfully used as a feed ingredient in a ruminant diet, particularly if it is one component of a total mixed ration.

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“…

The return of urea via the blood and saliva to the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants provides a valuable source of nitrogen to rumen microbes for protein synthesis (Godwin & Williams 1986). Therefore, the role of the kidney in conserving urea particularly during periods of low nitrogen intake, e.g.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intraruminal infusion of NaCl at doses in excess of 1 250 mM/day in sheep with free access to drinking water, resulted in a decline in renal urea loss (Godwin & Williams 1986). Although the saline water had the effect of increasing GFR, effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and even the FE urea , less urea was excreted in the urine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the renal handling of urea in sheep on a low protein diet exposed to saline drinking water

Meintjes¹,

Engelbrecht²

2004

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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Previous trials have demonstrated that sheep on a low protein diet and free access to water, and sheep dosed with boluses of NaCl intraruminally also with free access to water, showed decreases in urea loss via the urine compared to control animals. We monitored urea excretion in sheep on a relatively poor protein diet when they were exposed to saline drinking water, i.e. they were unable to vary their intake of NaCl:water. Sheep on isotonic saline drinking water (phase 3) excreted significantly more urea via the urine (284 mM/day) compared to phase 1 when they were on non-saline drinking water (urea excretion = 230 mM/day) and phase 2 when they were on half isotonic saline drinking water (urea excretion = 244 mM/day).This finding was explained by the high glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 91.9 ℓ/day, compared to 82.4 ℓ/day (phase 1) and 77.9 ℓ/day (phase 2), together with a significantly raised fractional excretion of urea (FEurea) (51.1 %) during this phase, and was in spite of the significantly lower plasma concentrations of urea in phase 3 compared to phase 1. The FEurea probably results from the osmotic diuresis caused by the salt. There were indications of a raised plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentration and this would have opposed urea loss, as ADH promotes urea reabsorption. However, this ADH effect was probably counteracted to some extent by a low plasma angiotensin II concentration, for which again there were indications, inhibiting urea reabsorption during the phases of salt loading. As atrial natriuretic peptide both increases GFR and decrease sodium reabsorption from the tubule, it was probably instrumental in causing the increase in GFR and the increase in the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa).

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Effects of intraruminal sodium chloride infusion on rumen and renal nitrogen and electrolyte dynamics in sheep

Cited by 19 publications

References 54 publications

Fractional excretion tests: a critical review of methods and applications in domestic animals

Fractional excretion tests: a critical review of methods and applications in domestic animals

Evaluation of feed value of a by-product of pickled radish for ruminants: analyses of nutrient composition, storage stability, and in vitro ruminal fermentation

Changes in the renal handling of urea in sheep on a low protein diet exposed to saline drinking water

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