Effects of Local Anesthetics on Pulpal Blood Flow in Dogs

Abstract

Effects of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (1:100,000) administered by the various local anesthetic techniques--i.e., infiltration, mandibular block, and intraseptal injection--on pulpal blood flow in dogs were determined using the 15 microns radioisotope-labeled microsphere injection method. The pulpal blood flow decreased significantly with all three techniques; however, the most drastic reduction occurred in the molar teeth with the intraseptal injection. When 2% lidocaine without epinephrine was used in the intraseptal injection, pulpal blood flow increased significantly.

Effect of local anesthesia on pulpal blood flow in mechanically stimulated teeth

“…This result is in agreement with the previous studies 7,8,19) . In a preliminary study for the present investigation, plain 2% lidocaine injection induced no change in PBF as in the control with saline.…”

“…Therefore, the PBF reduction in the present study can be interpreted by the action of epinephrine. This phenomenon may also be explained by the study of Kim et al 19) who investigated effects of vasoconstrictor contained local anesthetics on pulpal blood flow in the dog teeth. In their study, an infiltration injection of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine caused a temporary reduction of PBF in the maxillary canine teeth in dogs and a similar injection with epinephrine only caused the same flow reduction, suggesting that the flow reduction to local anesthesia was due to the epinephrine.…”

Responses of immature dental pulp cells to hypoxic stimulation

“…During orthodontic tooth movement, the periodontal ligament is exposed either to pressure or to an attractive effect causing hypoxic conditions of the tissues (1). Administration of local anesthesia containing a vasocon strictor reduces peripheral blood flow and causes hypoxic conditions in the pulp and in the periodontal ligament (2,3). Occlusal trauma results in peripheral circulatory disturbances and vascularization (4).…”

Measurement of Pulpal Blood Flow in Dogs with Nonradioactive Colored Microspheres.

“…Pulpal blood flow (PBF) has been measured using such means as radioactively labeled microspheres (RMSs) 15,16,18) , fluorescent microspheres (FMSs) 20,29) , H 2 gas distribution techniques 28) , laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) 25) , and the xenon washout method 17) . LDF is non-invasive, provides continuous data, and can be applied in human subjects; thus, it is the most common technique in current use 1,24) .…”

“…The FMS method has already been adopted for the determination of rat PBF 20,29) . Values for PBF measured by the RMS method are expressed with the unit (ml/min/100 g) based on wet weight 13,15,16,18) , while PBF semi-quantified and visualized by the FMS method are calculated with the unit (ml/min/cm 3 or ml/min/ mm 3 ) based on volume 20,29) . The FMS method is appropriate only in small animals 10) ; however, PBF values have been measured by the RMS method only in dogs.…”