Effects of pigment and citrinin biosynthesis on the metabolism and morphology of Monascus purpureus in submerged fermentation

Guan

Biotech & Bioengineering

et al. 2021

Morphology plays an important role in fungal fermentation and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. One novel technique, microparticle-enhanced cultivation was successfully utilized to control the morphology of Monascus purpureus precisely and enhance the yield of yellow pigments. The production of yellow pigments increased to 554.2 U/ml when 4 g/L 5000 mesh talc added at 24 h. Field emission scanning electron microscope observation indicated that the actual effect depends on the properties of microparticle. Sharp-edged microparticles showed better stimulatory effects than smooth, round-shaped ones. Particle size analysis, scanning electron microscope, and cell integrity evaluation proved obvious morphological changes were induced by talc addition, including smaller mycelial size, rougher hyphae, and decreased cell integrity. Furthermore, the expression levels of MrpigG, MrpigD, MrpigE, and MrpigH were significantly upregulated by the addition of talc. It indicated that the microparticle could not only affect the mycelial morphology, but also influence the expression levels of key genes in biosynthetic pathway of Monascus yellow pigments.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effects of microparticle addition on mycelial morphology, natural yellow pigments productivity, and key genes regulation in submerged fermentation of Monascus purpureus

Guan

Biotech & Bioengineering

et al. 2021

“…pilosus with 25.00% identity) (Table 4). It has been reported that overexpression of mokD significantly enhanced the production of monacolin K by 200.8%, which illustrated this gene play a vital role in the synthesis of monacolin K.[24] These findings were similar to that of the parent strain M. purpureus LQ-6, which could not produce monacolin K.[42]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…However, these genes do not locat in a gene cluster in genome, and the homologous protein identities were low, especially gene g1403 (with mokD of M. pilosus with 25.00% identity) (Table 4). It has been reported that overexpression of mokD significantly enhanced the production of monacolin K by 200.8%, which illustrated this gene play a vital role in the synthesis of monacolin K. [24] These findings were similar to that of the parent strain M. purpureus LQ-6, which could not produce monacolin K. [42] Due to various species of Monascus and large gaps in available biological information, the development of basic theoretical research on Monascus has been relatively slow. With the continuous development of sequencing technology and bioinformatics, breakthrough progress has been made in biosynthetic pathways of the secondary metabolites of Monascus, [19,43,44] among which MPs, citrinin and monacolin K are the most notable.…”

Section: Identification Of Secondary Metabolites Bgcsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…[51] After the prediction of monacolin K BGC in the genome of strain CSU-M183, we found that there was no complete monacolin K BGC in the strain CSU-M183, which was consistent with previous studies. [42, 51] Undoubtedly, the identification of BGCs has greatly facilitated the understanding of the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites in Monascus , which can provide theoretical support for industrial production of Monascus secondary metabolites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of secondary metabolite gene clusters and chitin biosynthesis pathways of Monascus purpureus with high production of pigment and citrinin based on whole-genome sequencing

Zhang

Zeng

Lin

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

Monascus is a filamentous fungus that is commonly used for producing Monascus pigments in the food industry in Southeast Asia. While the development of bioinformatics has helped elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying secondary metabolite biosynthesis of Monascus , the biological information on the metabolic engineering of Monascus morphology remains unclear. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of Monascus purpureus CSU-M183 strain by using combined single-molecule real-time DNA sequencing and next-generation sequencing platforms. The length of the genome assembly was 23.75 Mb in size with a GC content of 49.13% and 69 genomic contigs and encoded 7305 putative predicted genes. Furthermore, we identified secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and chitin synthesis pathways in the genome of the high pigment-producing M. purpureus CSU-M183 strain. And we confirmed that atmospheric room temperature plasma induced significant expression of the genes on Monascus pigments and citrinin biosynthetic gene cluster in M. purpureus CSU-M183 by RT-qPCR. These results provide a basis for understanding the secondary metabolite biosynthesis, the regulatory mechanisms of Monascus morphology, disrupting secondary metabolite biosynthesis in submerged fermentation, and the metabolic engineering of Monascus morphology.

“…The biosynthesis of MPs is regulated by genes encoding various polyketide synthases (PKSs), fatty acid synthases (FASs), dehydrogenases, transporters, and regulatory factors. Therefore, analysis of the expression levels of MPs biosynthesis-related with or without γ-heptalactone treatment was performed [63][64][65]. The results showed that the expression levels of most of the tested genes were significantly upregulated, such as MpPKS5 (encoding a PKS), MpFasA2 (encoding a FAS), mppB (encoding an acetyltransferase), mppC/G (encoding oxidoreductases), mpp7 (encoding an acyltransferase), and mppR1/R2 (encoding regulatory proteins), which increased the yield of MPs (Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of γ-Heptalactone on the Morphology and Production of Monascus Pigments and Monacolin K in Monascus purpureus

Shi

Luo

Liu

et al. 2022

JoF

Monascus is used widely in Asian countries and produces various biologically active metabolites, such as Monascus pigments (MPs) and monacolin K (MK). In this study, the effect of γ-heptalactone on secondary metabolites and mycelial growth during Monascus purpureus M1 fermentation was investigated. After the addition of 50 μM γ-heptalactone, the yields of MPs (yellow, orange, and red) reached maxima, increased by 115.70, 141.52, and 100.88%, respectively. The 25 μM γ-heptalactone groups showed the highest yield of MK was increased by 62.38% compared with that of the control. Gene expression analysis showed that the relative expression levels of MPs synthesis genes (MpPKS5, MpFasA2, mppB, mppC, mppD, mppG, mpp7, and mppR1/R2) were significantly upregulated after γ-heptalactone treatment. The relative expression levels of MK synthesis genes (mokA, mokC, mokE, mokH, and mokI) were significantly affected. The mycelium samples treated with γ-heptalactone exhibited more folds and swelling than that in the samples of the control group. This study confirmed that the addition of γ-heptalactone has the potential to induce yields of MPs and MK, and promote the expression of biosynthesis genes, which may be related to the transformation of mycelial morphology in M. purpureus.