Effects of produced waters at oilfield production sites on the Osage Indian Reservation, northeastern Oklahoma

Otton, James K.; Asher-Bolinder, Sigrid; Owen, Douglass E.; Hall, Laurel

doi:10.3133/ofr9728

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Prior to the institution of federal regulations in the 1970s, produced waters were often discharged into streams, creeks, and unlined evaporation ponds. Because these waters are highly saline and may contain toxic metals, organic and inorganic components, and naturally occurring radioactive material, including 226 Ra and 228 Ra, they have caused salt scars and surface and groundwater pollution (Kharaka et al, 1999a;Otton et al, 1997;Stephenson, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Fluids in Sedimentary Basins

Kharaka

Hanor

2014

Treatise on Geochemistry

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Fluids in Sedimentary Basins

Kharaka

Hanor

2014

Treatise on Geochemistry

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“…OS is oily, black, tank sludge, consisting of barite (31 wt%) and calcite (Otton et al 1997b). Although barite is the only form of sulfate indicated by XRD analysis, only 72% of the S in the sample is associated with barite.…”

Section: Oil-field Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"OS" (OS95-4A, Otton et al 1997b) was collected at an oil-eld production site on the Osage Indian Reservation in northeastern Oklahoma. OS is oily, black, tank sludge, consisting of barite (31 wt%) and calcite (Otton et al 1997b).…”

Section: Oil-field Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Release Barium and Radium from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material in Oil-Field Barite

Phillips¹,

Landa²,

Kræmer³

et al. 2001

Geomicrobiology Journal

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Scale and sludge deposits formed during oil production can contain elevated levels of Ra, often coprecipitated with barium sulfate (barite). The potential for sulfate-reducing bacteria to release 226 Ra and Ba (a Ra analog) from oil-eld barite was evaluated. The concentration of dissolved Ba increased when samples containing pipe scale, tank sludge, or oil-eld brine pond sediment were incubated with sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio sp., Str LZK1, isolated from an oil-eld brine pond. However, Ba release was not stoichiometric with sul de production in oil-eld samples, and <0.1% of the Ba was released. Potential for the release of 226 Ra was demonstrated, and the 226 Ra release associated with sulfate-reducing activity was predictable from the amount of Ba released. As with Ba, only a fraction of the 226 Ra expected from the amount of sul de produced was released, and most of the Ra remained associated with the solid material.Oil and natural gas reservoirs commonly contain large quantities of saline water, often including dissolved Ba C2 and Ra C2 . When water is produced along with oil and gas, decreases in temperature, pressure, and salinity result in formation of scale (adherent precipitate) in pipes and equipment (Wilson and Scott 1992). The level of radioactivity in pipe scale and tank sludge formed during petroleum production is often elevated (4-400 Bq/g) due to the incorporation of 226;228 Ra in the scale (Wilson and Scott 1992). The U.S. Environmental

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“…Modern studies of saltwater‐contaminated soil document the surface damage from saltwater spillage 40 or more years ago. All areas have been damaged by vegetation loss and alteration, soil erosion, and shallow groundwater pollution (Otton et al, 1997; Terry, 1996; Weathers et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saltwater Waste and Landscape Change, Smackover Field, Arkansas

Barrett

2002

Environ. Geosci.

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The most enduring legacy of inadequate waste management in old hydrocarbon fields is the extensive saltwater‐scarred landscapes present in many of these areas. The features may be prominent for decades after saltwater disposal. The extent and natural healing of saltwater‐modified landscapes vary based on several factors, including the saltwater volumes that were disposed, the method of surface disposal, climate and rainfall, surface topography, soil types, and vegetation types. The Norphlet district of Smackover Field, Arkansas, is an outstanding example of long‐term saltwater disposal onto the ground. Saltwater damage was studied by digitizing scar distribution from 1936 and 1996 aerial photography, mapping saltwater production patterns, and observing modern landscape features in different stages of recovery. The most prominent and long‐term saltwater scars are present in intermittent creeks away from the Smackover Creek floodplain. Scars on the floodplain are either more broad because of the poor drainage of polluted water or have healed more rapidly because of the flushing effect of nearby perennial streams. Creek scars in 1996 aerial photography and in the field are in different stages of recovery. Drainage scars are dominated by either salt‐resistant vegetation or the absence of any vegetation. A few areas have recovered completely with the return of trees to the creek banks. Lease pits used for saltwater storage also remain as prominent features, but they, too, have healed and disappeared over the decades.

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Effects of produced waters at oilfield production sites on the Osage Indian Reservation, northeastern Oklahoma

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Deep Fluids in Sedimentary Basins

Deep Fluids in Sedimentary Basins

Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Release Barium and Radium from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material in Oil-Field Barite

Saltwater Waste and Landscape Change, Smackover Field, Arkansas

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