Effects of senescence on chloroplasts of the tobacco leaf

Harris, Joseph B.; Arnott, Howard J.

doi:10.1016/s0040-8166(73)80043-6

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The dismantling of the thylakoid membrane, which consists to 80 % of galactolipids, results in the release of free fatty acids. In parallel, chlorophyll is catabolized and free phytol is released by the pheophytin pheophorbide hydrolase (PPH) (Harris and Arnott 1973;Hortensteiner 2006). These hydrolytic products are considered toxic and can be metabolized to form fatty acid phytyl esters, tocopherols and triacylglycerols.…”

Section: Role Of Plastoglobules During Leaf Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

A mechanism implicating plastoglobules in thylakoid disassembly during senescence and nitrogen starvation

Besagni

Kessler

2012

Planta

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Plastoglobules are lipid droplets present in all plastid types. In chloroplasts, they are connected to the thylakoid membrane by the outer lipid half-bilayer. The plastoglobule core is composed of neutral lipids most prominently the prenylquinones, triacylglycerols, fatty acid phytyl esters but likely also unknown compounds. During stress and various developmental stages such as senescence, plastoglobule size and number increase due to the accumulation of lipids. However, their role is not limited to lipid storage. Indeed, the characterization of the plastoglobule proteome revealed the presence of enzymes. Importantly it has been demonstrated that these participate in isoprenoid lipid metabolic pathways at the plastoglobule, notably in the metabolism of prenylquinones. Recently, the characterization of two phytyl ester synthases has established a firm metabolic link between PG enzymatic activity and thylakoid disassembly during chloroplast senescence and nitrogen starvation.

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Section: Role Of Plastoglobules During Leaf Senescencementioning

confidence: 99%

A mechanism implicating plastoglobules in thylakoid disassembly during senescence and nitrogen starvation

Besagni

Kessler

2012

Planta

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“…Direct comparisons could then be made between developmentally similar leaves (at the same nodal position) of these plants. This system has previously been used to study leaf development in tobacco (Harris and Arnott, 1973;Aharoni et al, 1979;Dhillon and Miksche, 1981;Ursin and Shewmaker, 1993) and other species (Kura-Hotta et al, 1987;Hashimoto et al, 1989;Marshall and Vos, 1991).…”

Section: Plant Crowthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Photosynthesis during Leaf Development in RbcS Antisense DNA Mutants of Tobacco

Jiang

Rodermel

1995

Plant Physiol.

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We have previously characterized RbcS antisense DNA mutants of tobacco that have drastic reductions in their content of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; S.R. Rodermel, M.S. Abbott, 1. Bogorad [1988] Cell55: 673-681). In this report we examine the impact of Rubisco loss on photosynthesis during tobacco (Nicofiana fabacum) leaf development. Photosynthetic capacities are depressed in the antisense leaves, but the patterns of change in photosynthetic rates during the development of these leaves are similar to those in wild-type plants: after attaining a maximum in young leaves, photosynthetic capacities undergo a prolonged senescence decline in older leaves. The alterations in photosynthetic capacities in both the wild type and mutant are closely correlated with changes in Rubisco activity and content. During wild-type leaf development, Rubisco accumulation is regulated by coordinate changes in RbcS and rbcl transcript accumulation, whereas in the antisense leaves, Rubisco content is a function of RbcS, but not rbcL, transcript abundance. This indicates that large subunit protein production is controlled posttranscriptionally in the mutants. The antisense leaves accumulate near-normal levels of chlorophyll and representative photosynthetic proteins throughout development, suggesting that photosynthetic gene expression is not feedback regulated by Rubisco abundance. Considered together, the data in this paper indicate that leaf developmental programs are generally insensitive to sharp reductions in Rubisco content and emphasize the metabolic plasticity of plant cells in

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“…In its main features the disruption of cell organelles caused by 'Mepro Special', resembles the normal senescence (cf. Butler and Simon 1971, Anderson and Thomson 1973, Harris and Arnott 1973. The ageing started to alter the ultrastructure of barley mesophyll cells after growing for 6 days at high temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Since the plastoglobuli are known to be lipid storage bodies intimately associated with the lipid content of chloroplast membranes, the increase in globule size is apparently due to an increase of free lipids made available by the degradation of chloroplast membranes (White and Hemphill 1972, Anderson and Thomson 1973, Harris and Arnott 1973. 'Mepro Special' decisively disturbs the carbohydrate metabolism, which appears soon after the treatment as accumulation of starch and later as decreasing and disappearing of starch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop herbicide mixture on the leaves of a barley variety

Savolainen¹,

Pihakaski²

1978

AFSci

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Abstract. Plants of a barley cultivar Porno were sprayed at 2-node stage with a herbicide mixture, 'Mepro Special', containing dicamba, MCPA and mecoprop, and the plants were grown at two different temperatures. 15°C and 23°C. The effects of the herbicide on the morphology and anatomy were studied by light and electron microscopes and the effects on the chlorophyll content of leaves were studied at various intervals after the spraying.First sign of damage in the morphology of plants grown both at 23°0 and 15°C were observable 10 12 days after the spraying but those in the ultrastructure as soon as 1 day after the treatment. The cells of the vascular bundle sheath Were most sensitive while the mesophyll cells were unchanged during the total observation period of 12 days at 15°C. At a higher temperature injuries of various stages were observable also in the mesophyll 6 days after the treatment.The clearest alterations became visible in the chloroplasts. They swelled to spherical in shape, the intergrana and later also grana lamellae formed vesicles by dilating, later they broke down, and ultimately the plastid envelope disintegrated. The amount of starch and chlorophyll decreased, whereas the number and size of osmiophilic plastoglobuli increased significantly.The mitochondria swelled, the cristae frequently disappeared and the outer membrane of the envelope distended largely. The nucleus was best capable of resisting the toxic effects of the herbicide. The tonoplast and plasmalemma were broken down a short time before the final disintegration of the cell structures. High temperature obviously reinforced the toxic effects of the herbicide mixture.

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Effects of senescence on chloroplasts of the tobacco leaf

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

A mechanism implicating plastoglobules in thylakoid disassembly during senescence and nitrogen starvation

A mechanism implicating plastoglobules in thylakoid disassembly during senescence and nitrogen starvation

Regulation of Photosynthesis during Leaf Development in RbcS Antisense DNA Mutants of Tobacco

Effects of a dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop herbicide mixture on the leaves of a barley variety

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