Effects of short chain fatty acids on radicle emergence and root growth in lettuce

Ulbright, Corinne E.; Pickard, Barbara G.; Varner, Joseph E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1982.tb00925.x

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…The increase in GST and G5K transcript abundances in plants exposed to biochar but not infected indicates that biochar is favorable in creating oxidative stress in plants. Maple bark biochar contains oxalic acid, benzoic acid, octanoic acid and benzaldehyde (Copley et al, 2015b ), compounds that are potentially phytotoxic (Takijima, 1964 ; Ulbright et al, 1982 ; Kaur and Kaushik, 2005 ), and conducive to oxidative stress (Liu et al, 2013 ; Deng et al, 2015 ; Singh, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar Amendment Modifies Expression of Soybean and Rhizoctonia solani Genes Leading to Increased Severity of Rhizoctonia Foliar Blight

2017

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Application of biochar, a pyrolyzed biomass from organic sources, to agricultural soils is considered a promising strategy to sustain soil fertility leading to increased plant productivity. It is also known that applications of biochar to soilless potting substrates and to soil increases resistance of plants against diseases, but also bear the potential to have inconsistent and contradictory results depending on the type of biochar feedstock and application rate. The following study examined the effect of biochar produced from maple bark on soybean resistance against Rhizoctonia foliar blight (RFB) disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani, and examined the underlying molecular responses of both soybean and R. solani during interaction with biochar application. Soybean plants were grown in the presence of 1, 3, or 5% (w/w) or absence of maple bark biochar for 2 weeks, and leaves were infected with R. solani AG1-IA. At lower concentrations (1 and 3%), biochar was ineffective against RFB, however at the 5% amendment rate, biochar was conducive to RFB with a significant increase in disease severity. For the first time, soybean and R. solani responsive genes were monitored during the development of RFB on detached leaves of plants grown in the absence and presence of 5% biochar at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h post-inoculation (h.p.i.). Generally, large decreases in soybean transcript abundances of genes associated with primary metabolism such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, starch, amino acid and glutathione metabolism together with genes associated with plant defense and immunity such as salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid pathways were observed after exposure of soybean to high concentration of biochar. Such genes are critical for plant protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. The general down-regulation of soybean genes and changes in SA hormonal balance were tightly linked with an increased susceptibility to RFB. In conjunction, R. solani genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism were up-regulated, while genes involved in redox reactions and detoxification had varying effects. In conclusion, this study presents strong evidence that maple bark biochar increased susceptibility of soybean to a foliar disease. This condition is partly mediated by the down-regulation of soybean genes leading to reduced immunity and also affecting R. solani gene expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar Amendment Modifies Expression of Soybean and Rhizoctonia solani Genes Leading to Increased Severity of Rhizoctonia Foliar Blight

2017

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“…Chemical seed composition may also influence germination; once products of primary metabolism, such as proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are synthesized by the seeds as reserve materials to be used by the embryo during germination and formation of new cellular structures. Nevertheless, among these compounds may be present some substances that act in controlling germination of the seeds, as some fatty acids of the triacylglycerols, as well as some sugars (Ulbright et al, 1982;Buckeridge et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical and histochemical aspects of the peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) seed

et al. 2013

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Bactris gasipaes Kunth (peach palm) is a palm tree (Arecaceae) widely used by Amazon people, whose seeds have dormancy of unknown cause, which result in difficulties on producing uniform seedlings. This study aimed at identifying anatomical and histochemical aspects of peach palm seeds that may have influence on germination. Histological sections were performed with seed material embedded into hystoresin, which were then stained with toluidine blue and assessed under optical microscope to verify structural characteristics. Histological sections were manually performed to identify primary and secondary metabolites; and histochemical test were performed for fatty acids, alkaloids, starch, phenolic compounds, lignin, neutral and acidic lipids, pectins, polysaccharides, proteins, tannins, and terpenoids. Tegument is thin and contains two layers. The external layer is thicker and has vascular bundles; and the internal layer is thinner containing irregular cells replete of phenolic compounds. Endosperm is whitish in color, with cells with shapes that vary from oblong or ellipsoidal until oval; containing lipids, proteins, pectins, and polysaccharides. Embryo is relatively small as related to seed size, conical and vascularized at distal portion. On longitudinal sections, plumule appears in proximal region as three foliar primordia. At seedling protrusion region the cells contain acidic lipids, proteins, and neutral polysaccharides.

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“…The effect of butyric acid in PhaceUa tanacetifolia seeds is different from that in roots (Romani et al, 1985), where the increased H-' availability in the cytoplasm induced a more negative value of the transmembrane electric potential, probably because of the activation of the H^ pump. On the other hand, even if butyric acid inhibits the germination of other seeds (Lynch 1980, Ulbright et al, 1982, it stimulates germination of red rice seeds (Cohn et al, 1987) and growth of maize coleoptiles (Brummer et al 1984),…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of butyric acid on the germination of the seeds ofPhacelia tanacetifolia

Cocucci

Morgutti

Ranieri

1989

Physiologia Plantarum

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A, M, 1989, Effect of butyric acid on the germination of the seeds of Phacelia tanacetifolia, -Physiol, Plant, 76: 17-23.The effect of a weak acid (butyric acid) on the germination of seeds of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. (cv. Bleu Clair) has been studied. Butyric acid inhibited the early phase of germination, and the inhibition was correlated to the amount of the permeant undissociated form present in the incubation medium. The inhibition by butyric acid in the dark was also correlated to a decrease of dark fixation of CO, and to a more pronounced decrease in malic acid levels during the early phase of germination; suggesting that the uptake of the uncharged form of this weak acid was followed by a release of H"^ into the cytoplasm, leading to a decrease in its pH. The inhibitory effect of butyric acid in the dark on many metabolic events (rise in respiratory activity, levels of reducing sugars, glucose-6-phosphate and malic acid, dark COT fixation, transport activities and macromoiecular synthesis) appeared similar to the one of light. Fusicoccin (FC), which directly stimulates the H* pump at the plasmalemma level, ameliorated the effect of butyric acid, as well as that of light, on germination. The bulk of these data is interpreted as suggesting that the mechanism of light inhibition of germination of Phacelia tanacetifolia seeds might be the consequence of a general block of metabolic reactivation due to the presence of an unfavourable (acidic) cytoplasmic pH; which might be explained with the lack of the phytochrome-dependent activation of the H* pump at the plasmalemma level.

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Effects of short chain fatty acids on radicle emergence and root growth in lettuce

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Biochar Amendment Modifies Expression of Soybean and Rhizoctonia solani Genes Leading to Increased Severity of Rhizoctonia Foliar Blight

Biochar Amendment Modifies Expression of Soybean and Rhizoctonia solani Genes Leading to Increased Severity of Rhizoctonia Foliar Blight

Anatomical and histochemical aspects of the peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) seed

Effect of butyric acid on the germination of the seeds ofPhacelia tanacetifolia

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