Effects of sub-anaesthetic (low) dose ketamine infusion on intra-operative and postoperative pain in goats anaesthetized with diazepam-ketamine prior to rumenotomy

Udegbunam, RI; Ugwu, A.U.; Onuba, Augustine Chukwudumago; Okereke, Nnamdi H.; Udegbunam, S.O.

doi:10.4314/sokjvs.v17i1.3

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Another successful protocol is the combination of diazepam and ketamine (Udegbunam et al 2019). Diazepam is a potent long-acting sedative that produces muscle relaxation with low cardiovascular effects (Koshy et al 2003), which in combination with ketamine, alleviates the cardiovascular effects of the latter.…”

Section: Perioperative Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique seems not only more comfortable for the surgeon, but also for the animal, and it is recommended to avoid postoperative complications (adhesions, infections, etc.). Once the entire surgical field is free of hair, it is washed with alcohol and povidone-iodine (Chávez García et al 2018) or chlorhexidine Udegbunam et al 2019) and povidone-iodine (Saidu et al 2020).…”

Section: Perioperative Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skin clamp technique: The rumen is clamped to the skin with towel clamps at various locations around the incision (Niehaus 2008;Udegbunam et al 2019).…”

Section: Surgical Techniques*mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the rumen is fixed, a vertical incision (approximately 15 cm) is made in the rumen wall, while attempting to avoid vascularized areas (Gutierrez et al 1998;Niehaus 2008;Udegbunam et al 2019). In order not to interfere with the sutures in place, a 3 cm margin is left on the dorsal and ventral aspect (Lozier and Niehaus 2016).…”

Section: Surgical Techniques*mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Size #1 USP absorbable suture material has been used for this purpose, although some authors have used USP #2/0. The inverted Cushing suture pattern (Niehaus 2008;Das and Behera 2011) or the inverted Lembert suture pattern (O'Connor 2005;Dharmaceelan et al 2017;Udegbunam et al 2019) are recommended because they provide a sealed closure that prevents leakage of the rumen content into the peritoneal cavity. After being thoroughly washed out, the rumen is released from the skin and sewn back in an inverted pattern, using absorbable suture #2 USP.…”

Section: Surgical Techniques*mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rumenotomy in small ruminants – a review

Martín

López

Morales

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Rumenotomy is one of the most widely used surgical techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of different rumen conditions in ruminants. It is commonly used for large ruminants, such as cattle. Although this technique is also applied to small ruminants, there is a lack of standardization. To date, it has not been fully described in the available literature, which is mostly from developing countries with a small number of peer-reviewed publications. This review is thus intended to summarize the body of knowledge related to the technique that has been published so far and make it available for clinical practice. The indications for rumenotomy, preoperative management of patients, different surgical techniques and postoperative management, including complications from the procedure, are discussed.

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Section: Perioperative Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perioperative Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skin clamp technique: The rumen is clamped to the skin with towel clamps at various locations around the incision (Niehaus 2008;Udegbunam et al 2019).…”

Section: Surgical Techniques*mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surgical Techniques*mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surgical Techniques*mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Rumenotomy in small ruminants – a review

Martín

López

Morales

et al. 2021

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Anesthesia and analgesia in ruminants

Izer

Dwyer

Wilson

2023

Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals

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Clinicophysiological and hematobiochemical effect of dexmedetomidine or diazepam with ketamine and propofol in total intravenous anesthesia in goats

Ragab

Hassan

Fathi

et al. 2022

Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci

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Background Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is a well-documented anesthetic concept for some animal species, including dogs and horses; however, information about TIVA protocols in goats is currently inadequate. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the clinicophysiological and hematobiochemical effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) and diazepam premedication with ketamine and propofol. Result The DEX-treated group showed a significantly decreased heart rate compared with the diazepam-treated group. Onset of anesthesia and sedation in group I was significantly faster than that in group II (0.33 ± 0.08 and 0.25 ± 0.08 min vs. 3.33 ± 1.53 and 2.0 ± 1.0 min, respectively). Duration of anesthesia and sedation in group I was significantly longer than that in group II (66.67 ± 7.64 and 161.3 ± 43.3 min vs. 37.0 ± 5.19 and 60.33 ± 7.57 min, respectively). The total recovery period in group II was significantly shorter than that in group I (47.0 ± 7.21 vs. 98.33 ± 15.27 min). Smooth induction and recovery occurred in all goats in group I, whereas most goats in group II exhibited slightly prolonged induction with mild excitation and presence of swallowing reflex and prolonged struggling during recovery. Conclusion In TIVA, premedication with DEX produces excellent quality anesthesia, analgesia, sedation, and muscle relaxation. Furthermore, it produces a longer duration of anesthesia, sedation, and analgesia than premedication with diazepam. For these reasons, DEX is more suitable for long surgical procedures, whereas diazepam can be used in minor surgical procedures in goats. Both drug combinations produce hemodynamic stability.

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Effects of sub-anaesthetic (low) dose ketamine infusion on intra-operative and postoperative pain in goats anaesthetized with diazepam-ketamine prior to rumenotomy

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Rumenotomy in small ruminants – a review

Rumenotomy in small ruminants – a review

Anesthesia and analgesia in ruminants

Clinicophysiological and hematobiochemical effect of dexmedetomidine or diazepam with ketamine and propofol in total intravenous anesthesia in goats

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