Effects of Sub-Lethal Concentration of Cypermethrin on Histopathological and Hematological Profile of Rohu (Labeo rohita) during Acute Toxicity

Abstract

The present investigation was designed to understand the lethal effects of Cypermethrin (CYP); an active pyrethroid, a widely used against an extensive range of pests in agriculture. In this study, Rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) was subjected to the treatment with three sub-lethal concentrations (0.50, 1.00 and 1.5 ppb) of CYP for a total period of 96 h. The results obtained indicated significant stress in the studied fish due to pesticide intoxication. Pronounced effects of CYP on fish hematology included significant increase (p<0.05) in white blood cells (WBCs), platelets and blood glucose level in treated group compared to control group. Conversely; however, substantial decrease in red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb) level, hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was noticed among the treated group related to control group (p<0.05). Similarly, the histopathological lesions in the gills of exposed fish included lamellar disorder, disruption of cartilaginous core, epithelial lifting, blood mobbing, damage to secondary lamellae, fusion of secondary gills lamellae, twisting and shortening of secondary gills lamellae and degeneration and atrophy. While liver exhibited dissolution of cell membrane, Pyknosis, blood congestion, necrosis, hyperplasia and vacuolations; intestine was characterized by symptoms like necrosis, hemorrhages, over production of goblet cells in villi, disintegration, fusion and shortening of villi. In summary, we reported marked impacts of CYP on both hematological and histopathological traits of L. rohita. These, findings warrant that the indiscriminate use of CYP significantly increased WBCs, platelets and blood glucose level whereas it decreased RBCs, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC respectively. It also significantly affected the histopathology such as disruption of gills, liver and intestine architecture.

Biochemical, Endocrine and Genetic Impairments in Response to Agrochemicals Intoxication in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…Glucose is the major source of energy and its higher level in plasma act as a stress indicator in present study significant increase in glucose level observed. Our results was in line with findings of (Khan et al 2018) and (Ghayyur et al 2019). Changes in creatinine level shows kidney dysfunction, in present study level of creatinine increased in fish exposed to agrochemical in comparison to control group which may be due to oxidative damage.…”

Assessment of the effect of sub-lethal acute toxicity of Emamectin benzoate in Labeo rohita using multiple biomarker approach

“…Pesticides exposed to fish at lethal concentrations of EMB expressed abnormal behaviour like lethargy, rapid opercular movement, loss of balance, excess mucus secretion, and darkening on the body surface. However, no visible symptom was observed in the fish exposed to EMB during the sub-lethal toxicity test for a period of 72 h. In an earlier study, erratic and irregular swimming movements, loss of balance, sudden overexcitability were observed at 0.093 mg L −1 of malathion in rainbow trout [ 46 ]; rapid swimming, higher opercular movements were noticed in cypermethrin treated L. Rohita [ 47 ]; erratic behaviour with sluggish swimming patterns, loss of balance and elevation of opercular respiration in C. carpio exposed to glyphosate [ 48 ]. EMB and abamectin induced hypoactivity in Danio rerio , Zebrafish [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Evaluation of haematological and behavioural changes in Channa punctatus (Bloch) on short-term exposure to a commercial-grade synthetic pyrethroid pesticide

“…In this study, significant elevation in leukocyte count was observed, consistent with the findings of Velmurugan et al (2016) in Anabas testudineus and with Adhikari et al (2004) in Labeo rohita. This substantial increment could be ascribed to general immune response and defense against Cypermethrin (Khan et al 2018). It is difficult to perform a meaningful comparative evaluation of the effect of Cypermethrin on the hematological profile of fish because of the variability of concentrations used, the period of exposure, and the fish species.…”