Effects of Three-Month Feeding High Fat Diets with Different Fatty Acid Composition on Myocardial Proteome in Mice

Abstract

Westernized diet is characterized by a high content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and a low level of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), often accompanied by an imbalance in the omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio. Since increased intake of SFA and n-6 PUFA is considered as a cardiovascular disease risk factor, this study was conducted to determine whether a three-month dietary supplementation of high-fat diets (HFDs) with saturated fatty acids and a significant proportion of various n-6 and n-3 PUFA ratios would affect the architecture and protein expression patterns of the murine heart. Therefore, three HFD (n = 6) feeding groups: rich in SFA, dominated by PUFA with the n-6/n-3–14:1, and n-6/n-3–5:1, ratios were compared to animals fed standard mouse chow. For this purpose, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis with MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry-based identification of differentially expressed cardiac proteins, and a histological examination of cardiac morphology. The results indicated that mice fed with all HFDs developed signs of hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Animals fed SFA-rich HFD manifested the most severe cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis lesions, whereas less pronounced changes were observed in the group of animals that ingested the highest amount of omega-3 FA. In general, all HFDs, regardless of FA composition, evoked a comparable pattern of cardiac protein changes and affected the following biological processes: lipid metabolism and FA β-oxidation, glycolysis, TCA cycle, respiratory chain, myocardium contractility, oxidative stress and PUFA eicosanoid metabolism. However, it should be noted that three proteins, namely IDH3A, LDHB, and AK1, were affected differently by various FA contents. High expression of these myocardial proteins found in the group of animals fed a HFD with the highest n-3 PUFA content could be closely related to the observed development of hypertrophy.

The first study on the effect of crocodile oil from Crocodylus siamensis on hepatic mitochondrial function for energy homeostasis in rats

“…[ 42 ] investigated the mechanism by which omega-3 PUFA influences the TCA cycle in obesity; they discovered that PUFA may alleviate obesity by affecting mitochondrial function and restoring TCA cycle homeostasis, specifically the transcription and translation of TCA cycle enzymes such as citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase subunits A (SDHA), fumarate hydratase, and malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) in HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, a recent study on the effect of SFA supplementation on the architecture and protein expression patterns of the murine heart discovered that protein expression patterns in animals fed a high-SFA diet show impairment of the TCA cycle and ATP synthesis [ 43 ]. Thus, PUFA-enriched diets could stimulate energy metabolic activity in rats by activating genes involved in the production of energy mitochondrial-related intermediates.…”

Effects of Three-Month Administration of High-Saturated Fat Diet and High-Polyunsaturated Fat Diets with Different Linoleic Acid (LA, C18:2n–6) to α-Linolenic Acid (ALA, C18:3n–3) Ratio on the Mouse Liver Proteome

“…The results were compared to the external standard Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix, 47885-U, (Sigma-Aldrich Sp. z o.o., Poznan, Polandrimental diets according to [ 17 ].…”

“…The results were compared to the external standard Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix, 47885-U, (Sigma-Aldrich Sp. z o.o., Poznan, Polandrimental diets according to [17]. LA/ALA, linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) to α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) ratio; SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids.…”

Fatty Acid Supplementation Affects Skin Wound Healing in a Rat Model

“…The reasons are different methodological approaches, e.g., long-term PUFA administration, different n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio with high content of n-6 PUFAs, etc. [ 16 , 18 , 19 ]. In addition, the level of FA was measured mainly in tissue, contrary to our study where plasma concentrations were evaluated.…”

“…The ratio of PUFA n-3 to n-6 in diet leads to the dominance of a certain type of end-products of their metabolism (based on their mutual metabolic pathways) and as a result to pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. The effects of PUFAs administration at different ratios and of various durations were reported recently in animal models [ 18 , 19 ]. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 and n-6 PUFA in two different ratios on skin wound healing in laboratory rats.…”