Effects of weft count and weft density on the surface roughness of 3/1 (Z) twill woven fabric

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of weft yarn diameter and pick density on the properties of surface roughness (SMD) of 3/1 (Z) twill-woven fabrics in three measurement directions weft (0°), the warp (90°) and the diagonal (45°). Design/methodology/approach Nine 3/1 (Z) twill samples were prepared with two factors and three levels and their roughness values were measured in the weft (0°), warp (90°) and diagonal (45°) directions of 3/1 (Z) twill fabrics using the Kawabata-FB4 instrument. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the effect of weft yarn diameter and pick density on SMD properties and comparisons were done in the weft (0°), the warp (90°) and the diagonal (45°) directions. Findings From experimental analysis, weft yarn diameter and pick density affect SMD of 3/1 (Z) twill-woven fabrics in both diagonal (45°) and weft (0°) directions but slightly affect warp (90°) direction. Maximum SMD values were observed in diagonal (45°) directions and the minimum was in warp (90°) directions of fabrics. Weft yarn diameter and pick density are statistically significant on SMD values of 3/1 (Z) twill-woven fabrics for three directions at a 95% confidence interval. Parameter variation in weft directions of 3/1 (Z) twill-woven fabrics also varies SMD values in three directions measurements Originality/value The findings of this study can be usually used for textile technology, industries and laboratories to create a basic understanding for measuring roughness properties of 3/1 (Z) twill fabric. It is also possible to identify the surface characterizations in different directions of measurement for their usage in some specific areas of end application like consumer goods, home textiles, technical textiles, etc.

Linear Model Equation for Prediction and Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Plain-Woven Fabric

“…A factor having an important role in the configuration of the surface characteristics of the fabric is the crimp of the yarns, under the consideration that the yarn densities of warp and weft are of the same class. If the crimp values of the weft and warp yarns are close to each other, the fabric produced is more or less balanced in terms of appearance [8][9][10][11] Modeling is the process of perception of textiles by the skin fills the gap between two contemporary existing solutions: objective and subjective assessment of handling properties of fabrics [12][13][14][15][16]. The different number of mathematical models concerning the human body, clothing, and environment offer useful equations and tools.…”

“…The Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KESF), Fabrics Analysis by Simple Tests (FAST), and Fabric Touch Tester (FTT) systems are available for measuring the fabric handle-related characteristics under the contact methods. But, as far as the tactile responses are concerned, all the low-stress mechanical characteristics directly or indirectly stimulate the touch pressure roughness and other mechanoreceptors of human skin [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Studies on low stress mechanical properties of Eri silk knitted fabric

“…Furthermore, the strength and smoothness also improved greatly due to this blending. According to Beyane et al . (2022), the weft yarn diameter, weft density and the weft diagonal angle affected the surface roughness (SMD) values in KES (Beyene et al , 2022).…”

“…According to Beyane et al . (2022), the weft yarn diameter, weft density and the weft diagonal angle affected the surface roughness (SMD) values in KES (Beyene et al , 2022). This overall blending would be more suitable for winter wear fabric (Das et al , 2017).…”

The effects of pretreatment on the surface roughness of plain-woven fabric by the Kawabata Evaluation System

“…They found that surface roughness decreased with increasing fabric density and with decreasing yarn diameters. 17,[19][20][21][22] Researchers explored the effect of different blends of polyestercotton fabrics on the surface property. It was found that a higher presence of polyester fiber in the fabric improves the surface property.…”