Effects of whole grain intake on glycemic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Li, Shixiang; Zong, Aizhen; An, Ran; Wang, Haiou; Liu, Lina; Liu, Jie; Guo, Xiaofei; Xu, Zhixiang; Li, Duo; Du, Fang; Xu, Tao

doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.2001429

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…To perform the comparison, the glucose level was converted from mg dL −1 to mmol L −1 according to the conversion formula (1 mg dL −1 = 1/18 mmol L −1 ), and the insulin level was converted from pmol L −1 to mIU L −1 or μIU mL −1 , according to the conversion formulae (1 pmol L −1 = 6.965 mIU L −1 , 1 pmol L −1 = 6.965 μIU mL −1 ). 42 The HbAlc level was converted from % to mmol mol −1 according to eqn (1): HbA1c ðmmol mol À1 Þ ¼ ½HbA1c ð%Þ À 2:15 Â 10:929 ð1Þ When multiple scales were used to measure the same symptoms, the scale with the highest clinical reliability was used for the meta-analysis. If there were multiple treatment groups in the study, we chose the group with the highest concentration as the active treatment group, and the lowest concentration was in the control treatment group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of mulberry leaf or mulberry leaf extract on glycemic traits: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mulberry leaf or mulberry leaf extract on glycemic traits: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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“…For example, Li et al indicated significant effects of whole grains on FBG, FBI, HbA 1C, and HOMA-IR. At the same time, Marventano et al observed no significant results in those measures [18,19]. One of the possible reasons for such controversial results could be that Li et al included 8 studies with multiple arms conducted in the same population and were analyzed in meta-analysis as separate studies, which could bring a high risk of unit-of-analysis error.…”

Section: Comparisons With the Existing Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reviews have evaluated evidence from prospective cohort studies and RCTs, proposing that the strength of the evidence from observational studies should support promoting whole grains for type 2 diabetes prevention [11][12][13][14]. However, the intervention effects in RCTs remain conflicting and not as pronounced as in cohort studies [15][16][17][18][19]. The variations in the doses and types of whole grains (mixed vs. single) and the health status of participants (healthy vs. metabolically abnormal) contribute to considerable variations in glycemic impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of whole grains on glycemic control: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials

Ying,

Zheng,

Kan

et al. 2024

Nutr J

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Purpose Whole grains have recently been promoted as beneficial to diabetes prevention. However, the evidence for the glycemic benefits of whole grains seems to conflict between the cohort studies and randomized control trials (RCTs). To fill the research gap, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effects of whole grains on diabetes prevention and to inform recommendations. Methods We searched PubMed, Clarivate Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until March 2024. We used the risk ratio (RR) of type 2 diabetes to represent the clinical outcomes for cohort studies, while the biomarkers, including fasting blood glucose and insulin, HbA1C, and HOMA-IR, were utilized to show outcomes for RCTs. Dose-response relationships between whole grain intakes and outcomes were tested with random effects meta-regression models and restricted cubic splines models. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021281639. Results Ten prospective cohort studies and 37 RCTs were included. Cohort studies suggested a 50 g/day whole grain intake reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes (RR = 0.761, 95% CI: 0.700 to 0.828, I2 = 72.39%, P < 0.001) and indicated a monotonic inverse relationship between whole grains and type 2 diabetes rate. In RCTs, whole grains significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (Mean difference (MD) = -0.103 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.178 to -0.028; I2 = 72.99%, P < 0.01) and had modest effects on HbA1C (MD = -0.662 mmol/mol (-0.06%), 95% CI: -1.335 to 0.010; I2 = 64.55%, P = 0.05) and HOMA-IR (MD = -0.164, 95% CI: -0.342 to 0.013; I2 = 33.38%, P = 0.07). The intake of whole grains and FBG, HbA1C, and HOMA-IR were significantly dose-dependent. The restricted spline curves remained flat up to 150 g/day and decreased afterward. Subgroup analysis showed that interventions with multiple whole-grain types were more effective than those with a single type. Conclusion Our study findings suggest that a daily intake of more than 150 g of whole grain ingredients is recommended as a population approach for diabetes prevention.

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“…Whole grain intake may reduce the risk of chronic diseases by pathways related to the regulation of body weight [ 1 ], lipid metabolism [ 9 ], glucose and insulin responses [ 10 ] and chronic low-grade inflammation [ 11 ]. So far, evidence of whole grains’ associations with chronic disease risk factors linked to these pathways has been inconsistent in observational [ 1 , 11 – 16 ] and interventional studies [ 2 , 9 , 11 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole grain intake, diet quality and risk factors of chronic diseases: results from a population-based study in Finnish adults

Tammi,

Männistö,

Maukonen

et al. 2023

Eur J Nutr

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Objectives Better diet quality of whole grain consumers could contribute to the associations between whole grain intake and chronic disease risk factors. We examined whole grain intake in relation to diet quality and chronic disease risk factors (anthropometrics, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein and glucose) and the role of diet quality in whole grains’ associations with each risk factor. Methods Our data included 5094 Finnish adults who completed a validated food frequency questionnaire and participated in a health examination within the National FinHealth 2017 Study. We assessed diet quality by the modified Baltic Sea Diet Score. P trends were calculated across whole grain intake quintiles by linear regression analysis. Interactions were assessed by including an interaction term in the analyses. Results Higher whole grain intake was associated with slightly better diet quality compared with lower intakes in both sexes (P < 0.001). Whole grain intake was inversely associated with body mass index (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001) and total cholesterol (P = 0.02) in men. Adjusting for medication use attenuated the inverse associations with diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.06) and HDL cholesterol (P = 0.14) in men. We observed no associations in women. Diet quality did not modify the associations between whole grain intake and chronic disease risk factors. Conclusions Our results suggest that whole grain intake was associated with small improvements in the chronic disease risk factors in men, regardless of diet quality. The sex differences may arise from varying health associations of whole grains from different cereal sources.

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Effects of whole grain intake on glycemic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 12 publications

References 72 publications

Effect of mulberry leaf or mulberry leaf extract on glycemic traits: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effect of mulberry leaf or mulberry leaf extract on glycemic traits: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of whole grains on glycemic control: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials

Whole grain intake, diet quality and risk factors of chronic diseases: results from a population-based study in Finnish adults

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