Efficacy of crude extract of Emblica officinalis (amla) in arsenic-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in splenocytes of mice

Abstract

Introduction:Arsenic, an environmental contaminant naturally occurred in groundwater and has been found to be associated with immune-related health problems in humans.Objective:In view of increasing risk of arsenic exposure due to occupational and non-occupational settings, the present study has been focused to investigate the protective efficacy of amla against arsenic-induced spleenomegaly in mice.Results:Arsenic exposures (3 mg/kg body weight p.o for 30 days) in mice caused an increase production of ROS (76%), lipid peroxidation (84%) and decrease in the levels of superoxide dismutase (53%) and catalase (54%) in spleen as compared to controls. Arsenic exposure to mice also caused a significant increase in caspases-3 activity (2.8 fold) and decreases cell viability (44%), mitochondrial membrane potential (47%) linked with apoptosis assessed by the cell cycle analysis (subG1-28.72%) and annexin V/PI binding in spleen as compared to controls. Simultaneous treatment of arsenic and amla (500 mg/kg body weight p.o for 30 days) in mice decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation (33%), ROS production (24%), activity of caspase-3 (1.4 fold), apoptosis (subG1 12.72%) and increased cell viability (63%), levels superoxide dismutase (80%), catalase (77%) and mitochondrial membrane potential (66%) as compared to mice treated with arsenic alone.Conclusions:Results of the present study indicate that the effect of arsenic is mainly due to the depletion of glutathione in liver associated with enhanced oxidative stress that has been found to be protected following simultaneous treatment of arsenic and amla.

Augmenting fish health usingEmblica officinalisagainst triarylmethane dye induced blood toxicity inCyprinus carpio

“…Ameliorative efficacy of E. officinalis against chlorpyrifos and arsenic has also been demonstrated in animal models (Dutta & Sahu, 2013;Singh et al, 2014). Thus, it can be concluded from the present findings that MG adversely affects fish even at sublethal concentration and the negative impact of the dye can be reversed by diet supplementation of E. officinalis in C. carpio, thereby proving beneficial in aquaculture.…”

Protective effect of Emblica-officinalis in arsenic induced biochemical alteration and inflammation in mice

“…In recent years, a number of plant products, their active constituents and herbal agents have been used to protect against arsenic induced toxicity (Sharma et al 2009 ; Singh et al 2013 , 2014a ; Srivastava et al 2014 ). The fruit extract of Emblica officinalis and its active constituents have long been used in Chinese and Indian traditional system of medicine and has shown anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunomodulatory properties (SaiRam et al 2002 ; Sreeramulu and Raghunath, 2009 ; Singh et al 2013 , 2014a ).…”

“…In recent years, a number of plant products, their active constituents and herbal agents have been used to protect against arsenic induced toxicity (Sharma et al 2009 ; Singh et al 2013 , 2014a ; Srivastava et al 2014 ). The fruit extract of Emblica officinalis and its active constituents have long been used in Chinese and Indian traditional system of medicine and has shown anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunomodulatory properties (SaiRam et al 2002 ; Sreeramulu and Raghunath, 2009 ; Singh et al 2013 , 2014a ). Amla is a rich source of Vitamin C, a water soluble anti-oxidant, a wide variety of phenolics like anthocyanins, flavonols, ellagic acid and its derivatives that acts as a scavenger of free radicals and plays an important role to protect against lipid damage, protein oxidation and DNA oxidation (Sreeramulu and Raghunath 2009 ; Singh et al 2013 , 2014a ).…”

“…The fruit extract of Emblica officinalis and its active constituents have long been used in Chinese and Indian traditional system of medicine and has shown anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunomodulatory properties (SaiRam et al 2002 ; Sreeramulu and Raghunath, 2009 ; Singh et al 2013 , 2014a ). Amla is a rich source of Vitamin C, a water soluble anti-oxidant, a wide variety of phenolics like anthocyanins, flavonols, ellagic acid and its derivatives that acts as a scavenger of free radicals and plays an important role to protect against lipid damage, protein oxidation and DNA oxidation (Sreeramulu and Raghunath 2009 ; Singh et al 2013 , 2014a ). We have recently reported that arsenic induced enhanced oxidative stress linked with apoptosis in thymocytes of mice has been found to be protected through treatment with amla (Singh et al 2013 , 2014a ).…”

“…Amla is a rich source of Vitamin C, a water soluble anti-oxidant, a wide variety of phenolics like anthocyanins, flavonols, ellagic acid and its derivatives that acts as a scavenger of free radicals and plays an important role to protect against lipid damage, protein oxidation and DNA oxidation (Sreeramulu and Raghunath 2009 ; Singh et al 2013 , 2014a ). We have recently reported that arsenic induced enhanced oxidative stress linked with apoptosis in thymocytes of mice has been found to be protected through treatment with amla (Singh et al 2013 , 2014a ). Arsenic induced hepatic toxicity associated with its accumulation in the liver and impaired antioxidant status has also been found to be protected following simultaneous treatment with arsenic and amla (Singh et al 2014b ).…”