Effluents from Fish Farming Ponds: A View from the Perspective of Its Main Components

Abstract

Among the animal protein production activities, world aquaculture has the highest growth rate, and is mainly practiced in ground-excavated ponds. However, with great productivity comes the concern about the increasing generation of effluents, mainly at the moment of fish removal, when high loads of organic matter and nutrients are released into the environment. Thus, this study evaluated the quality of effluents through the principal component analysis (PCA) in samples from nurseries of different sizes in four sampling scenarios. Analysis was performed during the process of fish removal in Nile Tilapia intensive fish farming sites at various properties in the Western region of Paraná State in Brazil. Twenty physical and chemical parameters were analyzed in each effluent sample using standard methods of effluent analysis. The results indicated that the concentrations of Suspended Solids (SS), Total Solids (TS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Phosphorus (TP) increased significantly at the end of the fish removal process, which caused a progressive deterioration in the effluent released into the environment. Hence, regulating water management during cultivation, as well as mitigating the effects of effluent generated in fish removal, is indispensable to maintain the legality, profitability, and sustainability of this sector.

Fish is the Preferred Animal-Source Food in the Rural Community of Southern Bangladesh

“…Intake of mola carplet was particularly higher among AI households, compared to the other two groups. This is important to note that the AI households received nutrition education on the importance of fish consumption, especially small indigenous fish such as mola carplet, as these species are rich sources of multiple micronutrients, especially vitamin A, vitamin B 12, folic acid, calcium, iron, and zinc; which are mostly deficient in the Bangladeshi population [5, 26,[34][35][36]. Therefore, it is assumed that along with availability and accessibility, nutrition education might have also influenced AI households, to consume the fish species produced in their ponds.…”

Production of Microalgal Biomass Using Aquaculture Wastewater as Growth Medium

“…The high content of nutrients in wastewater stimulates the excessive production of phytoplankton, reducing water quality [10]. Thus, the need to protect the aquatic ecosystems against this type of pollution leads to the use of effective technologies for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater [11], which are based on physical, chemical, and biological methods [12].…”

Antibiotic Applications in Fish Farms and Environmental Problems

“…5. Discharges and changes in the water environment of organic charges (Coldebella et al, 2018;Jakobsen et al, 2017;Abu Bakar et al, 2016;Buschmann et al, 2009).…”

“…When the organic substance entering the aqueous environment by feed dissolves in water or transfers from sediment to water, it can lead to eutrophication and reduce the permeability of light especially in the environments where nutrients are limiter (see Fig. 5) (Coldebella et al, 2018;Abu Bakar et al, 2016;Mancuso, 2015;Kayhan and Ölmez, 2014;Koca et al, 2011;Holmer, 2010;Yıldırım and Korkut, 2004;).…”