Electrografting of thin polymer films: Three strategies for the tailoring of functional adherent coatings

Abstract

Cathodic electrografting is an efficient technique to impart adhesion to poly(meth)acrylate coatings onto inorganic conducting surfaces. Although this technique was restricted for many years to very few monomers ((meth)acrylonitrile and (meth)acrylates) and to deposition of very thin polymer films, recent developments have overcome these limitations. First of all, classical controlled/living polymerization techniques have been combined with cathodic electrografting as a powerful strategy for tuning thickness, properties and reactivity of the chemisorbed organic films. Secondly, thanks to the successful electrografting of a new reactive monomer bearing an activated ester, electrografted surfaces are now available for further derivatization by a wide variety of nucleophiles. Finally, the electrografting process has been extended to the direct electrografting of reactive polymers, i.e. preformed polymers bearing pendant acrylic functions, which opens the way to the grafting of, e.g., polycondensates.

Electrografted Poly(N‐mercaptoethyl acrylamide) and Au Nanoparticles‐Based Organic/Inorganic Film: A Platform for the High‐Performance Electrochemical Biosensors

“…Curve a in Figure 1 confirms the expected structure of the PNSA film with characteristic C=O vibrations at ñ = 1744 cm À1 and CÀ N vibration at ñ = 1168 cm À1 . [16] The spectrum of the SH-terminated surface shows that the typical peaks for PNSA disappear and two peaks, located at ñ = 2532 and 3375 cm À1 , corresponding to S À H vibrations and N À H stretching appear, revealing that the ester group was substituted by aminoethanethiol. The SEM image in Figure 2 shows the Au/PNMEAM/GC electrode surface.…”

“…Electrografting is a method of coating a strongly adhering polymer onto a solid substrate. [14][15][16] Radical species are Abstract: In this study, we describe the use of the combination of eletrografting poly(N-mercaptoethyl acrylamide) and Au nanoparticles in the construction of high-performance biosensors. The poly(N-mercaptoethyl acrylamide) was electrografted onto the glassy carbon electrode surface, which provided a strongly adhering primer film for the stable attachment of Au nanoparticles and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzymes.…”

“…Electrografting is a method of coating a strongly adhering polymer onto a solid substrate 14–16. Radical species are formed following electron transfer from or to the conductive substrate, and finally form covalent bonds with active sites on the electrode.…”

Covalent Bonding of Functional Coatings on Conductive Materials: the Electrochemical Approach

“…Interestingly, an acrylic derivative with the ester activated by a N-succinimidyl group has been also successfully electrografted leading to functional surfaces that are quite versatile [49]. It was demonstrated that electrografting is easily combined with common controlled or living polymerization processes [51]. By further manipulation of the functionality incorporated in the ester group of the acrylic monomer, the electrografting of inimers, that is, compounds combining a polymerizable function and an initiator function within the same structure, have been also achieved.…”

Integration of Electrografted Layers for the Metallization of Deep Through Silicon Vias

“…Electrografting (eG) and chemical grafting (cG) (Bureau et al, 1999;Palacin et al, 2004;Pinson & Podvorica, 2005;Voccia et al, 2006;Belanger & Pinson, 2011) are two fundamental molecular engineering technologies, delivering high-quality films for high-AR (HAR) TSVs (Suhr et al, 2008). The term "grafting" indicates the formation of strong chemical bonds at the molecular level between the underlaying layer's extreme surface (e.g., silicon) and the film being grown from the surface out (e.g., the isolation liner).…”