Emission Characteristics of Particulate Matter, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Trace Elements from the Combustion of Coals in Mongolia

Barabad, Mona Loraine M.; Jung, Wonseok; Versoza, Michael; Kim, Minjeong; Ko, Sangwon; Park, Duckshin; Lee, Kiyoung

doi:10.3390/ijerph15081706

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, information for many developing countries, where solid fuels are a primary energy source, is particularly sparse. Toxic pollution from burning has been linked to chronic bronchitis (Akhtar et al, 2007;Moran-Mendoza et al, 2008), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Dennis et al, 1996;Orozco-Levi et al, 2006;Rinne et al, 2006;Ramirez-Venegas et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2007;Perez Padilla et al, 1996), lung cancer (Liu et al, 1993;Ko et al, 1997), childhood pneumonia (Smith et al, 2011), acute lower respiratory infections (Bautista et al, 2009;Mishra, 2003) and low birth weight of children (Boy et al, 2002;Yucra et al, 2011). Smoke from inefficient combustion of domestic solid fuels is the leading cause of conjunctivitis in developing countries (West et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Twenty-nine different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GC-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC × GC–ToF-MS). On average, 94 % speciation of total measured NMVOC emissions was achieved across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg−1) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were fuelwood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquefied petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8). The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid-fuel combustion in India.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

et al. 2021

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“…Fire conditions are best simulated using a heat flux of 50 kW/m 2 . This is confirmed by the majority of scientific papers, e.g., [33][34][35], that examined organic polymers on a cone calorimeter using a heat flux of 50 kW/m 2 , and almost all scientific papers, e.g., [36][37][38], examined the natural and organic polymers using a horizontal orientation. Also, most surface mounted electrical cables in buildings are horizontally oriented.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 58%

A New Approach to the Assessment of the Reduction in Visibility Caused by Fires of Electrical Cables

Martinka

Rantuch

Rolinec

et al. 2019

Safety

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Electricity is the most important form of household energy and one of the most important forms of energy for industry and transport. Electrical distribution in construction and transport is almost exclusively implemented using electrical cables. One of the unresolved problems associated with electrical cables is the release of smoke and the resulting reduction of visibility in case of fire in the area. In this study, a new approach was developed to assess the reduction of visibility in an area affected by an electrical cable fire. This approach is based on the determination of the critical ratio of smoke volume (in the smoke layer and exhausted from the fire compartment) to the length of the burning cable, through which the visibility of reflective and illuminated signs was reduced to a lower limit value (a standard of 10 m). The input data for this approach was the extinction area of the smoke released from one meter of burning cable and the length of the cables in the area. This approach was used to test two power cables (CHKE-V J3x1.5 and CHKE-R J3x1.5) and one signal cable J-H(St)H 1 × 2 × 0.8 with the B2ca, s1, d1, a1 fire reaction class. The smoke extinction area of the examined cables was determined using a cone calorimeter at a heat flux of 50 kW/m2. The obtained data showed that in order to maintain a visibility of 10 m for reflective signs, the critical ratio of smoke volume to length of burning cable was 7.5 m3/m. For illuminated signs, the critical ratio was 2.8 m3/m. The relationship between burning length and visibility allows the calculation of visibility in the fire compartment affected by cable fire only from cables length.

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“…VOC is a precursor of particulate matter formation that may contain metals 50 , while NOx is associated with the presence of metals soluble in water 51 . In addition, snow is an e cient scavenger of contaminants 52 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminant Emissions As Indicators of Chemical Elements in The Snow Along a Latitudinal Gradient in Southern Andes

Pìzarro

Vergara

Cerda

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The chemical composition of snow provides insights on atmospheric transport of anthropogenic contaminants at different spatial scales. In this study, we assess how human activities influence the concentration of elements in the Andean mountain snow along a latitudinal transect throughout Chile. The concentration of seven elements (Al, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn and Zn) was associated to gaseous and particulate contaminants emitted at different spatial scales. Our results indicate carbon monoxide (CO) averaged at 20 km and nitrogen oxide (NOx) at 40 km as the main indicators of the chemical elements analyzed. CO was found to be a significant predictor of most element concentrations while concentrations of Cu, Mn, Mg and Zn were positively associated to emissions of NOx. Emission of 2.5 mm and 10 mm particulate matter averaged at different spatial scales was positively associated to concentration of Li. Finally, the concentration of Zn was positively associated to volatile organic compounds (VOC) averaged at 40 km around sampling sites. The association between air contaminants and chemical composition of snow suggests that regions with intensive anthropogenic pollution face reduced quality of freshwater originated from glacier and snow melting.

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Emission Characteristics of Particulate Matter, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Trace Elements from the Combustion of Coals in Mongolia

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

A New Approach to the Assessment of the Reduction in Visibility Caused by Fires of Electrical Cables

Contaminant Emissions As Indicators of Chemical Elements in The Snow Along a Latitudinal Gradient in Southern Andes

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