Energy-Efficient Elderly Fall Detection System Based on Power Reduction and Wireless Power Transfer

Gharghan

Mohammed

et al. 2021

Designs

Biomedical sensors help patients monitor their health conditions and receive assistance anywhere and at any time. However, the limited battery capacity of medical devices limits their functionality. One advantageous method to tackle this limited-capacity issue is to employ the wireless power transfer (WPT) technique. In this paper, a WPT technique using a magnetic resonance coupling (MRC-WPT)-based wireless heart rate (WHR) monitoring system—which continuously records the heart rate of patients—has been designed, and its efficiency is confirmed through real-time implementation. The MRC-WPT involves three main units: the transmitter, receiver, and observing units. In this research, a new design of spiral-spider coil was designed and implemented for transmitter and receiver units, respectively, to supply the measurement unit, which includes a heart rate sensor, microcontroller, and wireless protocol (nRF24L01) with the operating voltage. The experimental results found that an adequate voltage of 5 V was achieved by the power component to operate the measurement unit at a 20 cm air gap between the receiver and transmitter coils. Further, the measurement accuracy of the WHR was 99.65% comparative to the benchmark (BM) instrument. Moreover, the measurements of the WHR were validated based on statistical analyses. The results of this study are superior to those of leading works in terms of measurement accuracy, power transfer, and Transfer efficiency.

Section: Results Of Transfer Power and Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Error Test and Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Powering Wireless Medical Sensor Based on Spiral-Spider Coils

Gharghan

Mohammed

et al. 2021

Designs

“…However, the patient's sleeping position during sleep cannot be compatible with the sensor used. In addition, Gharghan et al [40] developed a human vital signs monitoring system (HVSMS) that includes Global Positioning System (GPS), GSM, and acceleration sensors. But this study mostly focused on power consumption and battery life of the system, and the main purpose of the study was to minimize the power consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Portable Real-Time Low-Cost Sleep Apnea Monitoring System based on the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Network

Sümbül

Yüzer

Şekeroğlu

2022

Med Biol Eng Comput

Background and objective Continuous monitoring of breathing activity plays a vital role in the detection of respiratory-based diseases (SA, COPD, etc.). Sleep Apnea (SA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep associated with arterial blood desaturation, sympathetic nervous system activation, and cardiovascular impairment. Untreated patients with SA have increased mortality rates compared to the general population. This study aims to design a remote monitoring system for sleep apnea to ensure patient safety and ease the workload of doctors in the Covid-19 era. Methods This study aims to design a remote monitoring system for sleep apnea to ensure patient safety and ease the workload of doctors. Our study focuses on a novel portable real-time low-cost sleep apnea monitoring system utilizing the GSM network (GSM Shield Sim900a). Proposed system is a remote monitoring and patient tracking system to detect the apnea event in real time, and to provide information of the sleep position, pulse, and respiratory and oxygen saturation to the medical specialists (SpO 2 ) by establishing a direct contact. As soon as an abnormal condition is detected in the light of these parameters, the condition is reported (instant or in the form of short reports after sleep) to the patient relatives, the doctor's mobile telephone or to the emergency medical centers (EMCs) through a GSM network to handle the case depending on the patient's emergency condition. Results A study group was formed of six patients for monitoring apnea events (three males and three females) between the ages of 20 and 60. The patients in the study group have sleep apnea (SA) in different grades. All the apnea events were detected, and all the patients were successfully alerted. Also, the patient parameters were successfully sent to all patient relatives. Patients who could not get out of apnea were called through the CALL feature, and they were informed about their ongoing apnea event and told that intervention was necessary. The proposed system is tested on six patients. The beginning moment of apnea was successfully detected and the SMS/CALL feature was successfully activated without delay. During the testing, it has been observed that while some of the patients start breathing after the first SMS, some others needed the second or the third SMS. According to the measurement result, the maximum breathless time is 46 s among the patients, and a SMS is sent every 15 s. In addition, in cases where the patient was breathless for a long time, the CALL feature was actively sought from the relatives of the patient and enabled him to intervene. The proposed monitoring system could be used in both clinical and home settings. Conclusions The monitoring of a patient in real time allows to intervene in any unexpected circumstances about the patient. The proposed work uses an acceleration sensor as a reliable method of the sleep apnea for monitoring and prevention. The developed device is more economical, comfortable, and convenient than existing sy...

“…To enhance the resulting powertransfer efficiency and coupling between transmitter and receiver coils of WPT for BMI devices, researchers proposed several techniques and methods: coil geometry [11]- [13] different closed-loop and open-loop power control [14], power amplification [15] , [16] an impedance-matching network [17], [18] , misalignment conditions [19], and coupling configuration [20], [21]. In the biomedical field, WPT is essential as an energy source for biosensing and BMI devices [22] such as vital human-signs monitoring [23], heart-rate sensors [24], capsule endoscopy [25], left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) [26], deep micro-implants [27], and optogenetics applications [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Power Transfer Based on Spider Web–Coil for Biomedical Implants

Gharghan²,

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

A biomedical implant (BMI) is a device that allows patients to monitor their health condition at any time and obtain care from any location. However, the functionality of these devices is limited because of their restricted battery capacity, such that a BMI may not attain its full potential. Wireless power transfer technology-based magnetic resonant coupling (WPT-MRC) is considered a promising solution to the problem of restricted battery capacity in BMIs. In this paper, spider web coil-MRC (SWC-MRC) was designed and practically implemented to overcome the restricted battery life in low-power BMIs. A series/parallel (S/P) topology for powering the BMI was proposed in the design of the SWC-MRC. Several experiments were conducted in the lab to investigate the performance of the SWC-MRC system in terms of DC output voltage, power transfer, and transfer efficiency at different resistive loads and distances. The experimental results of the SWC-MRC test revealed that when the Vsource is 30 V, the DC output voltage of 5 V can be obtained at 1 cm. At such a distance (i.e., 1 cm), the SWC-MRC transfer efficiency is 91.86% and 97.91%, and the power transfer is 13.26 W and 23.5 W when 50-and 100-Ω resistive loads were adopted, respectively. A power transfer of 12.42 W and transfer efficiency of 93.38% were achieved at 2 cm for when a 150-Ω resistive load and a Vsource of 35 V were considered. The achieved performance was adequate for charging some BMIs, such as a pacemaker.