Energy Exploitation of Agricultural Biomass Potential in Turkey

Abstract

The objective of this study is to determine the agricultural biomass potential in terms of types, quantities, regional distribution in Turkey, and to review and assess efficient technologies for energy exploitation of agricultural biomass potential in Turkey. The calorific values of a selection of agricultural residues were determined by stoichiometric analyses. It was found that the total calorific value of the field crop residues was around 228 PJ for the production period of 2002-2003 in Turkey. The major crops that take place in the ratio of the total calorific value are maize (33.4%), wheat (27.6%), and cotton (18.1%). The total calorific value of the fruit residue was 75 PJ. The major fruits are hazelnut (55.8%) and olive (25.9%) for the agricultural biomass. The total calorific values for cow, sheep, and poultry wastes in Turkey were found to be approximately 47.8, 3.6, and 8.7 PJ/year, respectively. Thus, the total agricultural biomass potential was found to be approximately 363.1 PJ/year for the production period of 2002-2003 in Turkey. The available agricultural and animal residues in Turkey have been estimated to be roughly equal to 22-27% of energy consumption in Turkey. However, the actual role of bio-fuels in energy production is minimal. The most efficient way to utilise bio-fuels in energy production is combined heat and power production. The most potential applications to utilise agro-bio-fuels in energy production in Turkey seem to be relatively small-scale applications. The most interesting size of the plant is below 10-20 MW.

An exposé of bioenergy and its potential and utilization in Turkey

“…Table 6 shows the production of crop, fruit and fruit tree residues and the total amount of animal wastes available for production of bioenergy in Turkey (Ozturk and Bascetincelik, 2006). …”

Refining of Soda-AQ, Kraft-AQ, and Ethanol Pulps from Orange Tree Wood

“…However, these fractions, which can be called residue, could be used as fuel for producing heat for heating (Arvelakis and Koukios 2002;Ozturk and Bascetinlik 2006;Overend and Wright 2005;González et al 2012).…”

Utilization of Apple Pruning Residues as a Source of Biomass Energy: A Case Study in Isparta Province

“…Many countries try to obtain alternative energy sources from agricultural products, which are the most economical and the most suitable to ecological conditions (Sun et al, 2006;Qin et al, 2009;. Turkey is the country which has this potential and ecological structure (Demirbas 2002;2003;Demirbas and Urkmez 2006;Ozturk and Bascetincelik 2006;Bascetincelik et al, 2009a;. Similarly, Erdogdu (2008) emphasized that Turkey has a substantial amount of renewable energy sources that can play a significant role to meet the total energy demand of network of the country.…”

“…The potential of important biomass energy sources and animal solid wastes of Turkey has been determined and the potential of these as a source of fuel in thermal generating systems to produce electricity and thermal energy has been studied (Demirbas, 2003;Balat, 2004). Ozturk and Bascetincelik (2006) determined the types, quantities and regional distribution of agricultural biomass in Turkey and reviewed and assessed efficient technologies for energy exploitation of agricultural biomass potential in Turkey. Similarly, Unal and Alibas (2006) evaluated the potential power production from agricultural residues in Turkey through gasification.…”