Energy Sustainable Traffic Aware Hybrid Powered Off-Grid Cloud Radio Access Network

Aktar, Mst. Rubina; Jahid, Abu; Hossain, Md. Farhad; Al-Hasan, Md.

doi:10.1109/iciset.2018.8745631

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The amount of ambient energy is denoted by 𝜀 𝑛 (𝑡). The value of 𝜀 𝑛 (𝑡) diametrically changes [34], which is restricted by 𝜀 𝑚𝑎𝑥 , due to the effect of surrounding changes. If  𝑛 (𝑡) denotes the 𝑛 𝑡ℎ RRH energy storage at time t, then each time slot is occupied by the following solar energy saving [34],…”

Section: E Energy Sharing Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Case 1: 𝜓 𝑛 (𝑡) ≥ 𝛿 𝑛 (𝑡), then the 𝑛 𝑡ℎ RRH will utilize its own energy, which is stored in battery cells or storage and the system model will not require grid electricity. After meeting demand, the total storage energy remaining can be stated as [34],…”

Section: E Energy Sharing Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Case 2: 𝜓 𝑛 (𝑡) ≤ 𝛿 𝑛 (𝑡), then the 𝑛 𝑡ℎ RRH will use grid energy. In this instance, the nth RRH's grid usage can be represented as [34],…”

Section: E Energy Sharing Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total throughput 𝐶 𝑡 of the system can be written as [34], (15) Where, 𝑃 𝑔 is the grid PC, calculated as, 𝑃 𝑔 = 𝑃 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 − 𝑃 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 (16) According to the definition, EE is inversely related to the on grid power consumption. A lower value of on grid power consumption implies better EE and vice versa.…”

Section: F Performance Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy-Efficient Hybrid Powered Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) for 5G

et al. 2023

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Owing to the ever increasing energy consumption, energy efficiency (EE) is an important parameter for next generation 5G network. The Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is a viable solution for tackling 5G network problems in an energy-efficient manner. Integrating renewable energy with C-RAN can be a powerful tool for reducing operating costs and carbon dioxide emission. But, the regional unpredictability and intermittency nature of renewable energy can result in energy outages and worsening the service quality. As a consequence, the most reliable way is to combine commercial grid supplies with renewable energy. In this paper, we proposed a network model for the downlink C-RAN with hybrid power supplies. The goal of the proposed hybrid supply with solar and grid energy collaboration is to optimize the use of renewable solar energy by reducing grid Power Consumption (PC) and, most significantly, enhancing energy efficiency and preserving service quality. A comprehensive analysis is performed to evaluate EE performance of the proposed C-RAN under a variety of network settings. The numerical results affirm the proposed C-RAN models establishing a significant improvement in network EE compared to the conventional one.INDEX TERMS Energy efficiency, hybrid supplies, renewable energy, C-RAN, 5G.

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Section: E Energy Sharing Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Energy Sharing Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Case 2: 𝜓 𝑛 (𝑡) ≤ 𝛿 𝑛 (𝑡), then the 𝑛 𝑡ℎ RRH will use grid energy. In this instance, the nth RRH's grid usage can be represented as [34],…”

Section: E Energy Sharing Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F Performance Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy-Efficient Hybrid Powered Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) for 5G

et al. 2023

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“…The function digital‐to‐analog conversion and vice versa, radio‐frequency functions, and up‐down conversions all are performed by RRHs, while digital baseband processing is done in the cloud. The RRHs and BBU clouds are connected by a low‐latency, low‐cost, high‐bandwidth optical front‐haul link 22 . The concentrated BBU pool decreases the expenses of BS arrangement and operation.…”

Section: System Model Components and Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of energy efficiency by dynamic load consolidation in C‐RAN

Aktar

Anower

2022

Int J Communication

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Summary The Fifth Generation (5G) network is the next step in the evolution of cellular networks, which are anticipated to encounter a remarkable growth in traffic. To meet this traffic requirement, the network capacity must be increased, which would inevitably necessitate the expansion of additional base stations (BSs). Moreover, the expenses and energy consumption of BSs are excessively high. The highly complex signal processing in baseband units contributes to a substantial amount of energy consumption. Consequently, cloud radio access network (C‐RAN) has been demonstrated as an effective approach to overcoming 5G wireless challenges through an energy‐efficient means. C‐RAN architecture has a baseband unit (BBU) pool that consists of the number of BBUs and remote sites, which are called remote radio heads (RRHs). As a sharing of ancillary subsystems into one location, BBU pooling has a significant impact on reducing power consumption. However, C‐RAN necessitates a novel paradigm of energy consumption for resource optimization. In this article, a C‐RAN with a dynamic load consolidation algorithm depending on traffic condition is presented to jointly take the power consumption and energy efficiency targeting to decrease power consumption and increase energy efficiency. To capture the energy consumption of C‐RAN, a new energy consumption scheme considering the BBU cloud, optical link, and radio side power has been proposed that optimizes the BBU resources. Numerical results come about based on simulation settings illustrate that the presented model accomplishes an improved energy‐efficient performance with respect to the referred baseline RAN system scheme.

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Improved aquila optimization‐based parameter evaluation framework and meta‐heuristic algorithm in radio‐over‐fiber SpatialMux multi‐input multi‐output long‐term evolution system

Rather

Kumar

Saha

2023

Int J Communication

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Summary In heterogeneous access network, Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO) radio‐over‐fiber (RoF) system is an efficient approach for multiple signal transmission with low cost and complexity. The performance of RoF fronthaul system in MIMO system will be varied with different nonlinear effects. By adjusting various transmission parameters, such as the input signal power or the laser bias current, the nonlinear impacts produced by the RoF system can be reduced. In this paper, a novel algorithm Improved Aquila Optimization (IAO) is proposed to optimize transmission circumstances of MIMO RoF system. It determines the appropriate bias current for both lasers and Radio Frequency (RF) signal power in a short period. The input signals are wavelength multiplexed with Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection (IM/DD) applied. The carrier as well as transmission frequency is governed by the MIMO‐Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) standard. The proposed system is implemented in MATLAB, and the performance is evaluated. The experimental results show that fast convergence and trade‐off between noise and nonlinearity are obtained with varying bandwidth. In the experimental scenario, the maximum Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) of 1.88, 3.14, and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 3.204, and 2.698 was attained for both quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation. [Correction added on 24 April 2023, after first online publication: the SNR values were corrected in the preceding sentence.] For 100 iterations, the processing time was reduced to 0.137 s. When compared with the conventional state‐of‐the‐art approaches, the accuracy and computational complexity of the proposed approach are improved.

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Energy Sustainable Traffic Aware Hybrid Powered Off-Grid Cloud Radio Access Network

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Energy-Efficient Hybrid Powered Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) for 5G

Energy-Efficient Hybrid Powered Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) for 5G

Improvement of energy efficiency by dynamic load consolidation in C‐RAN

Improved aquila optimization‐based parameter evaluation framework and meta‐heuristic algorithm in radio‐over‐fiber SpatialMux multi‐input multi‐output long‐term evolution system

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