“…The latter two are based on labeled technologies such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or lateral flow-based systems [ 16 ]. However, the significant advantages of optical biosensing systems based on combined interferometry and resonance, used with or without optical waveguides, are worth mentioning [ 17 , 18 ]. The applications of surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors [ [19] , [20] , [21] ], diffraction grating coupled interferometry [ 22 ], photonic crystals [ 23 , 24 ], ring resonators [ [25] , [26] , [27] ], Mach–Zehnder [ 28 , 29 ], guided-mode resonance biosensors [ 30 , 31 ], Young interferometers [ 32 ], and resonant nanopillars [ 33 ], among others, have been widely reported.…”