Enhanced Viability and Anti-rotavirus Effect of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus plantarum in Combination With Chlorella sorokiniana in a Dairy Product

Abstract

Microalgae and probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera are associated with human beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of Chlorella sorokiniana on Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus plantarum viability in a dairy product (flan) and its microbial effect against rotavirus, which is one of the major diarrhea-causing pathogens worldwide. Microalge were isolated from a Mexican river and characterized by molecular tools. Their prebiotic activity was evaluated by determining Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus plantarum shelf-life after incorporation in the food matrix. In addition, HT-29 cells were infected with rotavirus Wa and treated with 1 × 10 9 CFU/mL L. plantarum and B. longum metabolites alone or in combination with 1 × 10 9 cells/mL Chlorella sorokiniana; viral titers in probioticsand/or microalgae-treated cells were evaluated for antiviral activity. Results indicated that C. sorokiniana not only significantly (p < 0.05) improved L. plantarum and B. longum viability in flan, but also increased their antiviral activity; potent anti-rotavirus effect of C. sorokiniana alone was observed. Although more studies are needed, results suggest that incorporation of this microalga into a dairy product confers enhanced viability and antiviral effects, which indicates that C. sorokiniana might be used as an ingredient to design products with additional health benefits.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (LP299V®): three decades of research

“…Moreover, studies have shown that L. plantarum 299v is able to grow on different prebiotic substrates, for example galacto-oligosaccharides produced from whey permeate (Golowczyc et al, 2013) and short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (Saulnier et al, 2008). L. plantarum 299v has also been evaluated in combination with a microalga (Chlorella sorokiniana) in a dairy product (flan), where it showed anti-microbial effects against rotavirus (Cantu-Bernal et al, 2020). L. plantarum 299v incorporated in animal feed resulted in reduced oxidative stress, increased antioxidant capacity and improved growth rate of chickens (Khanian et al, 2019), as well as improved fish performance in Atlantic salmon (Rodriguez et al, 2020).…”

Bioprospecting Antimicrobials from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: Key Factors Underlying Its Probiotic Action

“…Other poorly defined extracellular metabolites from various L. plantarum strains (as reported in Table 3 ) could inhibit in vitro (i) Echovirus , enteroviruses isolates recovered from acute flaccid paralysis cases [ 148 ]; (ii) transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) , which causes many gastrointestinal infections in piglets, characterised by diarrhoea and high mortality [ 149 ]; (iii) enterovirus Coxsackievirus B4, a challenging virus, infections of which have been linked to the onset of type 1 diabetes [ 150 ]; (iv) porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus ( PEDV ), a coronavirus responsible of one of the highly contagious viral diseases in the pig industry, causing severe (sometimes fatal) diarrhoea in piglets [ 151 ]; (v) human rotavirus, i.e., the causative agent of severe diarrhoea in newborns and children worldwide [ 152 ]. Notably, the addition of prebiotics, such as those derived from microalgae, was reported to enhance both viability and antiviral effects of probiotics, as was observed for L. plantarum ATCC LP299v [ 153 ]. The anti-rotavirus action could account for beneficial effects of probiotics (mainly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli , including L. plantarum ) in preventing enteric infections and alleviating diarrhoea symptoms [ 154 ].…”

The Interaction Between Viruses and Intestinal Microbiota: A Review

“…1. Bacteria (probiotics) directly antagonize viruses through evolutionary mechanisms [62][63][64][65][66][67]; after long evolution, bacteria also produce the immune mechanism CRISPR/Cas system for viruses [68], and CRISPR is essentially a protective mechanism for bacteria. The CRISPR/Cas system is an acquired immune system found in most bacteria and most archaea.…”