Enhancement of immune response for Newcastle disease vaccine using a combined adjuvant solution of Astragalus polysaccharides, levamisole, and selenoprotein

Evaluation of adjuvant activity of Astragaloside VII and its combination with different immunostimulating agents in Newcastle Disease vaccine

“…The most increment in the mean IL-2 titers was obtained from APNS adjuvanted Merial vaccine due to APS itself. Sun et al demonstrated that NDV strain I formulated with APS + LMS (levamisole)+Se (Selenoprotein) enhanced the production of IL-2 and IL-6 cytokines, IgG antibody response as well as T cell proliferation [40]. Moreover, AST-VII combination with MPL enhanced the production of IFN-γ (p < 0.05) and IL-2 compared to MPL adjuvanted Merial vaccine.…”