Epidemic Cholera in the Americas

Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Colombia

“…3). Wachsmuth et al [27] found that Latin American isolates of K cholerae 0 1 belonged to a single ribotype (equivalent to ribotype 5 of Popovic et al [9] and ribotype B5 of Koblavi et al [8,lo] Table 2. Departments where ribotypes B20 (m) and B21a (D) were found are indicated.…”

“…The ribotyping system of Koblavi et al [8], applied to 89 isolates, described 17 ribotypes designated B1-B17. This approach was later used by Popovic et al [9], with different nomenclature. This technique has now been applied to 591 isolates and 54 ribotypes are recognised [ lo].…”

Factors in the Emergence of Infectious Diseases

“…Cholera, for example, has recently been raging in South America (for the first time in this century) (50) and Africa. The rapid spread of cholera in South America may have been abetted by recent reductions in chlorine levels used to treat water supplies (34).…”

The 2.3 {angstrom} crystal structure of cholera toxin B subunit pentamer: Choleragenoid

“…This long helical cap (residues 58 to 79) is gently curved with its hydrophilic face contributing to the boundary wall of the central "pore" of the B5 pentamer (Figure 3). The B subunit's sole disulfide bridge (Cys9 = Cys86) anchors a short solvent-exposed amino-terminal helix (residues [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] to an interior p-strand. Ramachandran plots (46) reveal few unusual phipsi angles (Figure 4).…”