Epidemiological Situation on Plague in 2020. Forecast of Episootic Activity of Natural Plague Foci in the Russian Federation and Other CIS Countries for 2021

Попов, Н. В.; Eroshenko, G. A.; Карнаухов, Игорь; Kuznetsov, A. A.; Matrosov, A. N.; Иванова, Александра; Оглодин, Е. Г.; Nikiforov, K. A.; Корзун, В. М.; Вержуцкий, Д. Б.; Chipanin, E. V.; Аязбаев, Т. З.; Джапарова, А. К.; Бердиев, С. К.; Лопатин, А. А.; Дубянский, В. М.; Щербакова, Светлана; Балахонов, С. В.; Куличенко, А. Н.; Кутырев, Владимир

doi:10.21055/0370-1069-2021-1-52-62

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The main subspecies, which is virulent for humans, includes the following biovars: antiqua, medieval, oriental, and possibly also intermedium ( 1 ). Our molecular investigations showed that strains of the phylogenetic branch 2.MED of the medieval biovar occupy about 93.3% of the territory of the natural foci in the Commonwealth of Independent States ( 1 , 2 ). At the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th, numerous outbreaks of plague were registered in the Northern Caspian Sea region in Russia and Kazakhstan.…”

Section: Announcementmentioning

confidence: 87%

Five Draft Genome Sequences of Historical Yersinia pestis Strains of Phylogroups 2.MED4 and 2.MED1 of the Medieval Biovar

Балыкова

Куклева

Naryshkina

et al. 2022

Microbiol Resour Announc

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Section: Announcementmentioning

confidence: 87%

Five Draft Genome Sequences of Historical Yersinia pestis Strains of Phylogroups 2.MED4 and 2.MED1 of the Medieval Biovar

Балыкова

Куклева

Naryshkina

et al. 2022

Microbiol Resour Announc

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“…It should be noted, if we take into account the latest data of modern studies, that the area of natural foci with circulation of Y. pestis strains of the Medievalis biovar 2.MED is 221,347 km 2 in gopher type and 1,728,676 km 2 in sandstone type [17], where Y. pestis strains of the phylogenetic branch of the Medievalis biovar 2.MED1 and 2.MED0, respectively, may have been the cause of the above-mentioned outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Assessment and Mapping of Human Plague in Kazakhstan: a Meta-analysis of Plague Epidemiology

Rametov,

Abdel,

Zhumadilova

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Understanding the historical assessment of plague in Kazakhstan is essential for early warning and decision support for effective health disaster management. For this purpose, this study evaluated historical data on plague from 1926 to 2003 in Kazakhstan using descriptive-analytical methods. The results of the study showed that between 1926 and 2003, there were 565 human plague cases in 82 different outbreaks. Cases that occurred in different regions include Almaty (32.22%), Aktobe (1.59%), Atyrau (4.42%), Mangistau (21.24%), Kyzylorda (40.53%) oblasts. The study showed that a higher percentage of cases were recorded before public health in Kazakhstan began using antibiotics and prophylactic measures against plague (1947-1948). Large outbreaks were found to have occurred in 1926, 1929, 1945, 1947 and 1948, accounting for about 80.7% of human-to-human transmission. Other forms of plague transmission include flea bites, cutting and skinning camels, wild animals, aerosolization, and rodent bites. The study also showed that the age range of patients affected by plague ranged from 0 to 86 years and was divided into two genders, including 49.9% males and 50.1% females, respectively. During the study period, there were bubonic (12.57%), bubonic septicemia (5.84%), bubonic pneumonia (1.06%), pulmonary (72.4%), secondary pneumonia (0.35%), septic (2.83%), cutaneous (0.18%), cutaneous bubonic (0.88%), tonsillar (0.35%), tonsillar bubonic (0.18%) forms and no clinical form (3.36%) data cases. There were cases of plague infection from person to person. The incidence was 0.29 per 10,000 people. The risk of human infection with plague is likely to increase with the expansion of anthropogenic areas in areas where plague foci exist in Kazakhstan. Increased awareness is needed for rapid diagnosis and treatment.

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“…важность получения геномного портрета и изучения направлений эволюции возбудителя этой зоонозной природно-очаговой инфекции, оставившей беспрецедентный след в истории, не вызывает сомнений. из четырех известных биоваров основного подвида возбудителя чумы именно высоковирулентный и эпидемически значимый средневековый биовар Yersinia pestis (2.MED) занимает 93,3 % энзоо тичной по чуме территории очагов стран снг, что составляет 1959965 км 2 [1,2]. согласно данным эпидемиологического и эпизоотологического мониторинга, в конце XIX -начале XX в. в прикаспии происходили массовые вспышки чумы, внутривидовое положение этиологических агентов которых не было установлено.…”

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SNP-Profiles of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> Strains of the Medieval Biovar from the Caspian Sea Region Plague Foci

Балыкова

Куклева

Goryunova

et al. 2023

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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The SNP-typing method based on the detection of stable genetic markers in the genome, i.e., single nucleotide polymorphisms, is successfully used for genotyping of pathogenic microorganisms and can be applied for SNP-profiling of Yersinia pestis strains and molecular-genetic certification of focal areas. The aim of the study was to determine the SNP profiles of Y. pestis strains of the medieval biovar isolated in the Caspian Sea region plague foci in 1912–2015 and to develop a method for identifying unique SNPs using the Sanger sequencing for molecular-genetic certification of these territories. Materials and methods. A comprehensive study of the phenotypic and genotypic properties of 190 Y. pestis strains from plague foci in the Caspian Sea region was carried out. Phylogenetic reconstruction by the Maximum Likelihood method (GTR model) in the SeaView 5.0.4 software was performed on the basis of 1621 SNPs identified among 50 Y. pestis strains according to WG-SNP analysis in the snippy 4.6 program. Primers for PCR amplification of the SNP loci selected as target were calculated using the Vector NTI program. Sanger sequencing of SNPs loci was conducted on an ABI PRISM 3500XL genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA). Results and discussion. According to phenotypic characteristics, all studied strains from the Caspian foci belonged to a highly virulent and epidemically significant medieval biovar of the main subspecies of Y. pestis. According to the results of the WG-SNP analysis, 9 SNP genotypes were identified based on the polymorphism of single nucleotides of 24 genes characteristic of the main phylopopulations, which include strains isolated during various periods of epidemic and epizootic activity in the Caspian plague foci. Determining of SNP genotypes of Y. pestis strains of the medieval biovar, obtained over a hundred years in the Caspian foci, creates the prerequisites for defining the canonical SNP profile (canSNP) and for developing an algorithm for molecular epidemiological monitoring of the foci in which this highly virulent biovar circulates.

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Epidemiological Situation on Plague in 2020. Forecast of Episootic Activity of Natural Plague Foci in the Russian Federation and Other CIS Countries for 2021

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Five Draft Genome Sequences of Historical Yersinia pestis Strains of Phylogroups 2.MED4 and 2.MED1 of the Medieval Biovar

Five Draft Genome Sequences of Historical Yersinia pestis Strains of Phylogroups 2.MED4 and 2.MED1 of the Medieval Biovar

Historical Assessment and Mapping of Human Plague in Kazakhstan: a Meta-analysis of Plague Epidemiology

SNP-Profiles of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> Strains of the Medieval Biovar from the Caspian Sea Region Plague Foci

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