Epidemiology of brain tumors

Davis, Faith

doi:10.1586/14737140.7.12s.s3

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The relatively low variation in incidence and death rates for cancer of the brain and ONS nationally and internationally suggests that environmental risk factors do not play a major role in this disease (70–74). In fact, other than hereditary tumor syndromes (17) and increased familial risk without a known syndrome (79–82), the only known modifiable causal risk factor for brain tumors is exposure to ionizing radiation (71–74,78). Variability in age at onset and molecular tumor characteristics suggests that risk factors for brain tumors may differ by histological type (16,17,75,75–77).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2007, Featuring Tumors of the Brain and Other Nervous System

Kohler

Ward

McCarthy

et al. 2011

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute

598

417

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BackgroundThe American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updated information on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. This year’s report highlights brain and other nervous system (ONS) tumors, including nonmalignant brain tumors, which became reportable on a national level in 2004.MethodsCancer incidence data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute, CDC, and NAACCR, and information on deaths was obtained from the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics. The annual percentage changes in age-standardized incidence and death rates (2000 US population standard) for all cancers combined and for the top 15 cancers for men and for women were estimated by joinpoint analysis of long-term (1992–2007 for incidence; 1975–2007 for mortality) trends and short-term fixed interval (1998–2007) trends. Analyses of malignant neuroepithelial brain and ONS tumors were based on data from 1980–2007; data on nonmalignant tumors were available for 2004–2007. All statistical tests were two-sided.ResultsOverall cancer incidence rates decreased by approximately 1% per year; the decrease was statistically significant (P < .05) in women, but not in men, because of a recent increase in prostate cancer incidence. The death rates continued to decrease for both sexes. Childhood cancer incidence rates continued to increase, whereas death rates continued to decrease. Lung cancer death rates decreased in women for the first time during 2003–2007, more than a decade after decreasing in men. During 2004–2007, more than 213 500 primary brain and ONS tumors were diagnosed, and 35.8% were malignant. From 1987–2007, the incidence of neuroepithelial malignant brain and ONS tumors decreased by 0.4% per year in men and women combined.ConclusionsThe decrease in cancer incidence and mortality reflects progress in cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment. However, major challenges remain, including increasing incidence rates and continued low survival for some cancers. Malignant and nonmalignant brain tumors demonstrate differing patterns of occurrence by sex, age, and race, and exhibit considerable biologic diversity. Inclusion of nonmalignant brain tumors in cancer registries provides a fuller assessment of disease burden and medical resource needs associated with these unique tumors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2007, Featuring Tumors of the Brain and Other Nervous System

Kohler

Ward

McCarthy

et al. 2011

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute

598

417

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“…In these rapidly lethal tumours, the level of AQP1 expression has been found to correlate with the aggressiveness of the disease, 61,62 although the role of AQP1 in the disease process is not known. The age distribution in the world population of humans with brain tumours is bimodal, with peak incidences in children and adults between 45 and 70 years of age and the highest rates seen in descendants of white European ethnic groups 63–65 . Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common, malignant and aggressive form of brain tumour in adults and accounts for 75–80% of primary brain gliomas as the 12th leading cause of cancer‐related death in men.…”

Section: Aqp Pharmacological Drug Agents Hold Translational Promise Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age distribution in the world population of humans with brain tumours is bimodal, with peak incidences in children and adults between 45 and 70 years of age and the highest rates seen in descendants of white European ethnic groups. [63][64][65] Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common, malignant and aggressive form of brain tumour in adults and accounts for 75-80% of primary brain gliomas as the 12th leading cause of cancer-related death in men. With glioblastoma multiforme, most patients develop clinical symptoms over a short time span (3 months) and die within 8-18 months of diagnosis.…”

Section: Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles for novel pharmacological blockers of aquaporins in the treatment of brain oedema and cancer

Yool

Brown

Flynn³

2010

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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SUMMARY1. Aquaporins (AQPs) are targets for drug discovery for basic research and medicine. Human diseases involving fluid imbalances and oedema are of major concern and involve tissues in which AQPs are expressed. The range of functional properties of AQPs is continuing to expand steadily with ongoing research in the field.2. Gating domains in AQPs are molecular sites for drug actions. Discovery of the arylsulphonamide AqB013 as an antagonist for AQP1 and AQP4 provided the first pharmacological agent with translational promise for the treatment of diseases in which AQPs have been implicated. The putative binding site for AqB013 in the internal vestibule of the AQP water pore involves amino acid residues that are located in the AQP loop D gating domain.3. Aquaporins have been proposed as novel targets in cancer and oedema and are associated with a surprising array of important processes in the brain and body, such as angiogenesis, cell migration, development and neuropathological diseases. Functions beyond their simple role as water channels are suggested by the subtype-specific regulation of AQP expression. In both cancer and brain oedema, current therapies are limited and new pharmacological approaches focused on AQPs offer exciting potential for clinical advances.

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“…In the USA, 22,000 cases and 13,000 deaths were expected in 2010 [2] . However, very little is known about the etiology of primary brain cancer with the principal confirmed causes being ionizing radiation and a few uncommon genetic syndromes [3] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Ultraviolet B and Increased Risk of Brain Cancer: An Ecological Study of 175 Countries

et al. 2010

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Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an inverse association exists between latitude, solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance, modeled 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and incidence rates of cancer of the brain. Methods: Associations of latitude and UVB irradiance with age-standardized incidence rates of cancer of the brain were analyzed for 175 countries while controlling for proportion of population overweight, energy from animal sources, fish consumption, cigarette and alcohol consumption and per capita health expenditures, using multiple regression. Serum 25(OH)D levels were modeled for each country, and their association with brain cancer also was determined. Results: The incidence rates of brain cancer were higher at higher latitudes (R² for males = 0.45, p ≤ 0.0001; R² for females = 0.35, p < 0.0001). After adjustment for potential confounders, UVB irradiance (p ≤ 0.0001) and modeled serum 25(OH)D were inversely associated with incidence rates. Conclusions: Countries with low solar UVB irradiance and estimated mean serum 25(OH)D levels generally had higher age-standardized incidence rates of brain cancer. Since this was an ecological study, further research would be worthwhile on the association of prediagnostic serum 25(OH)D with incidence rate in studies of cohorts of individuals.

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Epidemiology of brain tumors

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2007, Featuring Tumors of the Brain and Other Nervous System

Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2007, Featuring Tumors of the Brain and Other Nervous System

Roles for novel pharmacological blockers of aquaporins in the treatment of brain oedema and cancer

Low Ultraviolet B and Increased Risk of Brain Cancer: An Ecological Study of 175 Countries

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