Eutrophication in Iskenderun Bay, north-eastern Mediterranean

Yılmaz, Ali Özgür; Baştürk, Özden; Saydam, C.; Edi̇ger, Di̇lek; Yılmaz, Koray K.; Hatipoglu, E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-89990-3.50062-6

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The climatic conditions in the inner part of the bay make this area more suitable for the establishment of species of Indo-Pacific origin. Moreover, the reported primary production values in the Bay are 2-4 times higher than those observed in the surrounding areas (Yılmaz et al, 1992), and we may assume that this production could favour the settlement of alien zooplankton species in this region, by reducing the food competition between alien and local species. Indeed, Mavruk et al (2016) observed that a significant positive correlation was clear between the variations of Lessepsian ichthyofaunal composition and chlorophyll-a concentration in the sampling area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…İskenderun Bay is located on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey; it is approximately 65 km long and 35 km wide, with a maximum depth of 100 m. The general circulation in the Bay is affected by the prevailing currents and cyclonic gyres of the open sea (Yilmaz et al, 1992). The study area is located in the interior part of İskenderun Bay, which is affected by the subtropical climatic conditions that prevail in the Eastern Mediterranean.…”

Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction of a new Indo-Pacific marine cladoceran to the Mediterranean Sea

Kurt

Polat

2017

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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Pleopis schmackeri, a podonid cladoceran not previously recorded in the Mediterranean Sea, was found in the İskenderun Bay for the first time. The samples were collected seasonally during 2012-2015 in the coastal area of İskenderun Bay using a WP-2 zooplankton net (200 µm). Six cladoceran species were found in total, and Penilia avirostris, Pseudevadne tergestina and Evadne spinifera constituted the bulk of the population, while the contribution of P. schmackeri was very low. Although only a single individual was observed in July 2012, the abundance and frequency of P. schmackeri increased in the following years, reaching 25.10 ind.m -3 in 2015. Thus, P. schmackeri could be considered as established in İskenderun Bay; however, it seems that it did not affect the distribution of other cladoceran species in the area up to now. P. schmackeri could have entered in İskenderun Bay either as a Lessepsian migrant or by ballast waters of commercial ships.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of a new Indo-Pacific marine cladoceran to the Mediterranean Sea

Kurt

Polat

2017

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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“…g . Yilmaz et al 1992, Mura et al 1996a), but eutrophication problems are becoming apparent, particularly in areas with excessive nutrient loading and/or re-…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of a Mediterranean phytoplankton community to increased nutrient inputs:a mesocosm experiment

Duarte¹,

Agustı́²,

Agawin³

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The response of the biomass and primary production of a coastal NW Med~terranean phytoplankton community to a gradient of nutrient inputs was examined in a large-scale mesocosm nutrient enrichment expenment over a period of 20 d in summer. The mesocosm units (33 m3) received N, P and Si at a stoichiometric ratio of 20 N:? Si:l P, at the normal nutrient loading rate at the site (5 mm01 N m-' d-' and 0.25 mm01 P m-2 d-l), and at 0.5, 2, 4, 8 and 16 times the normal nutrient loading rate. The biomass and production of the phytoplanktonic community was also examined in a mesocosm unit to which no nutrients were added Substantial differences in phytoplankton biomass were observed 4 to 12 d after the initiat~on of the experiment, when nutrient inputs were increased more than 4-fold above the normal nutrient loading rate The b~omass of the community increased to a maximum of 40.8 pg chlorophyll a I-' (200-fold above the mean initial value) at the greatest nutrient inputs. The biomass increase was largely attributable to an increase in the microphytoplankton biomass (Chaetoceros sp. and Licmophora sp.), while picophytoplankton increased their biomass only during the earlier phase of the experiment, reaching values 4.7 times greater at the highest nutrient addition than at the normal loading rate. The structure of the phytoplankton community shifted from an initial dominance of picophytoplankton to dominance of microphytoplankton at the highest nutrient loadings Primary production increased in response to increased nutrient loading, reaching a level 10-fold higher at the highest nutrient loading than at the normal loading rate. However, phytoplankton carbon turnover did not increase significantly with increasing loading (p > 0.05), except for a tendency for higher turnover at the highest nutrient inputs tested. Results from this experiment suggest that eutrophication problems are likely to become important at a loading of more than 4-fold higher (20 mm01 N m" d-' and 1 rnrnol P m-' d-') than the present values supplied to the coastal Medlterranean community studied.

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“…As a result, the warm oligotrophic Mediterranean plankton community developed a relatively low biomass in response to nutrient additions. Low plankton standing stocks seem to be a common characteristic throughout most of the Mediterranean coast, despite the increased nutrient loading in the last decade (Yilmaz et al 1992. The tendency for a lower biomass response in the warm oligotrophic Mediterranean than in moderately eutrophic waters should have, if confirmed, profound implications for the management of the coastal zone and the delineation of critical nutrient loadings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient accumulation at different supply rates in experimental Mediterranean planktonic communities

Vidal¹,

Duarte²

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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A mesocosm experiment was conducted between June 18 and July 8, 1997, in the Bay of Blanes (NE Spain) to test for the effect of nutrient inputs on Mediterranean plankton communities. The experiment involved a gradient of daily nutrient additions to mesocosms (14 m high, 4.2 m 2 crosssectional area and 33 m 3 effective volume), which were scaled to the nutrient loading of the Bay of Blanes in summer (0.64 µM N d -1 , referred to as the 'business as usual' control). This paper deals with the accumulation of nutrients in different size components (0.2-2, 2-20 and 20-200 µm) of the community and the efficiency with which these size components retain the added nutrients. Summer Mediterranean plankton responded significantly to nutrient additions by increasing their biomass, up to more than 100-fold that initially present in the enclosed water, and by changing the community structure, from an initial dominance of picoplankton to increased dominance of the 2-20 µm size component of the community (which contributes to more than 90% of the accumulated N and P) as the nutrient load increased. Though the initial community was able to accumulate nutrients exceeding the already high summer loading of the Bay of Blanes and thus acted as strong nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) sink, it was unable to trap the nutrients above a certain threshold: 4-fold (for N) and 8-fold (for P) the 'business as usual' load. Conspicuous biomass increases were most noticeable after the nutrient inputs were increased 16-fold that value. Nevertheless, the biomass response was relatively low and involved a low efficiency (8%) in the trapping of added nutrients. As efficiencies were transiently higher (of 50% or even greater, between consecutive sampling days) we suggest factors other than a low assimilation by osmotrophs as responsible for the resilience of the plankton community for the trapping of nutrients in biomass in response to nutrient additions. The tendency of a lower biomass response to nutrient additions in the warm oligotrophic Mediterranean waters than in more eutrophic waters, if confirmed, should have profound consequences concerning the management of the coastline and the delineation of critical nutrient loadings.

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Eutrophication in Iskenderun Bay, north-eastern Mediterranean

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Introduction of a new Indo-Pacific marine cladoceran to the Mediterranean Sea

Introduction of a new Indo-Pacific marine cladoceran to the Mediterranean Sea

Response of a Mediterranean phytoplankton community to increased nutrient inputs:a mesocosm experiment

Nutrient accumulation at different supply rates in experimental Mediterranean planktonic communities

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