Evaluating the Efficacy of Achillea millefolium and Thymus vulgaris Extracts Against Newcastle Disease Virus in Ovo

Abstract

Background:Nowadays natural products such as pure compounds and plant extract scan provide unlimited opportunities for new antiviral drugs. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most important viral diseases in poultry industry. Vaccination could provide protection against NDV outbreaks, but it is not sufficient because infections by NDVs have remained frequent around the world.Objectives:The current research aimed to study Achillea millefolium and Thymus vulgaris antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus (NDV).Materials and Methods:The antiviral activity of the plants was measured by the reduction assay of viral titer, and explained by inhibition percentage (IP).Results:Inhibition percentage was determined as 10 1.75, which indicated the ability of the extracts to reduce the viral potency by more than 56 folds.Conclusions:Both plants were found effective against Newcastle disease virus.

Antioxidant Capacity of Achillea millefolium L against Cytogenetic and Immunological Disorders in Irradiated Human Blood Cultures.

“…Focus of radiation protection has shifted to test the radioprotective potential of plants and herbs in the hope that one day it will be possible to find a suitable pharmacological agent (s) that could protect humans against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation in clinical and other conditions. Previous studies on the extracts of ACM have reported antioxidant (Trumbeckaitea et al, 2011), antiviral (Rezatofighi et al, 2014), antispasmodic (Moradi et al, 2013) hepatoprotective (Yaeesh et al, 2006), gastroprotective (Potrich et al, 2010), immunological (Yassa et al, 2007) and antiinflammatory (Benedek et al, 2007) activities. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage occurs either by direct ionization or indirectly through generation of free radicals that attack DNA, resulting in single-strand breaks and oxidative damage to sugar and base residues (Breen & Murphy, 1995), In this respect, γ-rays are exogenous DNA damaging agents cause a marked increase in micronuclei frequencies in the γ-irradiated group (for both mono-and binucleated cells) as shown in Table 1.…”

In-ovo Antiviral Effect of Nigella sativa Extract against Newcastle Disease Virus in Experimentally Infected Chicken Embryonated Eggs

“…Haemaglutination activity (HA) was evaluated using allantoic fluid and egg infectious dose was calculated (10 -10.16 /ml EID5) as suggested by Rezatofighi et al (2014).…”

“…The standard dose was selected for virus, experimental plant extract and control. About 0.2 ml/egg (virus), 0.2 mg/0.2 ml for (N. sativa) and 20 µg/ml of the ribavirin was selected (Rezatofighi et al, 2014).…”

Status updates of Newcastle disease and amelioration effects of medicinal plants against Newcastle disease virus: A review

“…T. vulgaris was found to be effective against HSV-1/HSV-2 and NDV. Essential oils of this plant were able to disrupt viral envelopes and prevented attachment of the virion to the host cell (Rezatofighi et al, 2014).…”