Evaluation of cross-ply laminate stiffness with a non-uniform distribution of transverse matrix cracks by means of a computational meso-mechanic model

Barulich, Néstor Darío; Godoy, Luis A.; Dardati, Patricia Mónica

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.11.063

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…They investigated the influence of the properties of the fiber/matrix interface on the transverse strength and interfacial fracture toughness. Barulich et al [ 18 ] investigated the effect of non-uniformly transverse matrix cracks in different cross-ply laminates of [0 n /90 8 ] S and [90 8 /0 n ] S using a computational meso-mechanical model. Their research results indicated that the cracks in a non-uniformly distributed meso-mechanical model agreed better with the experimental data than the cracks in a uniformly distributed model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Off-Axis Ply on Tensile Properties of [0/θ]ns Thin Ply Laminates by Experiments and Numerical Method

Deng

Zhang

et al. 2021

Polymers

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The effect of off-axis ply on the tensile properties of unbalanced symmetric [0/θ]ns laminates was explored through experimental and numerical analysis. Six CFRP [0/θ]2s plies with different off-axis angles θ were fabricated for tensile tests. In situ observations of the damage to the laminates were conducted to investigate the initiation and progressive growth of the laminates during the tension tests. The fiber fractures, crack initiation, and progressive propagation were analyzed by observing the free edge of the laminates, and the difference in damage behavior caused by different off-axis angles was investigated. All the six [0/θ]2s plies with off-axis angles θ ranging from 15° to 90° showed approximate linear stress–strain responses in the tensile tests. Matrix cracks were not observed prior to the final catastrophic failure in the off-axis layers of the [0/θ]2s laminates with a θ in the range of 15–60°. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the [0/θ]s plies was conducted using a 3D micromechanical model, in which matrix cracking and fiber-matrix debonding in the off-axis layer were simulated using a cohesive interface element. Three micromechanical crack-free, cohesive interface, and initial crack models were analyzed to predict the influence of the matrix cracks inside the off-axis layer on the damage behavior of the [0/θ]s laminates. The numerical results from the initial crack micromechanical model show a lower bound of the tensile strength of the [0/θ]s plies. A high stress concentration is observed adjacent to the cracked off-axis layer, inducing a tensile strength loss of about 20%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Off-Axis Ply on Tensile Properties of [0/θ]ns Thin Ply Laminates by Experiments and Numerical Method

Deng

Zhang

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…When ply cracks appear in a laminate, both the in-plane and out-of-plane material properties of the laminate degrade [5][6][7][8]. Also, the large stress gradients at the tips of ply cracks can initiate more detrimental damage modes like delamination and fiber breakage [6,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscale finite element analysis of cracked composite laminates under out-of-plane loads using 3D periodic boundary conditions

Garoz

Hajikazemi

Dinh

et al. 2020

Composite Structures

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The behavior of composite materials under out-of-plane loads is strongly affected by the presence of transverse ply cracks. The cracks perturb the distribution of stresses leading to large out-of-plane shear stiffness reductions. It is crucial to include these effects in the damage material models to improve their accuracy. Therefore, the stress transfer and stiffness reduction in cracked laminates have been studied with a mesoscale finite element model (FEM) under general in-plane, out-of-plane normal and shear loads. A symmetric laminate containing ply cracks in a single orientation has been considered under the hypothesis of periodicity using a novel relaxed three-dimensional formulation of Periodic Boundary Conditions (PBCs). The local stresses have been verified versus different analytical and numerical methods. In addition, the degraded effective thermo-elastic constants involving out-of-plane properties have been calculated as a function of crack density. Both uniform and non-uniform distributions of cracks have been considered for different lay-ups including angleply and unbalanced laminates. The effect of contact between the crack surfaces has been studied for specific loading conditions. It is shown that a single formulation based on three-dimensional periodic boundary conditions is sufficient to determine the interfacial stresses and the complete thermo-elastic constants under in-plane and out-of-plane loads accurately.

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“…In laminated composites, matrix cracks grow parallel to the fiber orientation due to the inability of the crack front to break the fibers [4]. These cracks reduce the stiffness of the cracked lamina, which then sheds its share of the load onto the remaining laminas [5]. Since the actual geometry of the cracks is modelled, the formulation is called discrete damage mechanics (DDM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of discrete damage mechanics for determination of the crack density in composite laminates

et al. 2020

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The finite element method (FEM) is one of the most widely and most popular numerical methods for analyzing damage of composite structures, In this paper discrete damage mechanics (DDM) is used to predict inter-laminar transverse and shear damage initiation and evolution in terms of the fracture toughness of the laminate. ANSYS commercial software is used for analysis of layered plate composite structure reinforced with long unidirectional fibers with Carbon/Epoxy material. Because ANSYS does not have a built-in capability for calculating crack density, we have to use plagin. A methodology for determination of the fracture toughness is based on fitting DDM model and these data are obtained from literature. Also, prediction of modulus vs. applied strain is contrasted with ply discount results and the effect of in situ correction of strength is highlighted. Evaluation of matrix cracking detected in lamina has been solved using return mapping algorithm.

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Evaluation of cross-ply laminate stiffness with a non-uniform distribution of transverse matrix cracks by means of a computational meso-mechanic model

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of Off-Axis Ply on Tensile Properties of [0/θ]ns Thin Ply Laminates by Experiments and Numerical Method

Effect of Off-Axis Ply on Tensile Properties of [0/θ]ns Thin Ply Laminates by Experiments and Numerical Method

Mesoscale finite element analysis of cracked composite laminates under out-of-plane loads using 3D periodic boundary conditions

Application of discrete damage mechanics for determination of the crack density in composite laminates

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