Evaluation of Lipid Parameters , Liver Function Test , CRP and MDA (as a marker of lipid peroxidation) in Chronic Cigarette Smokers

Abstract

Background: The addictive liability and pharmacological effects of smoking are primarily mediated by the major tobacco alkaloid nicotine. Cigarette smoke may promote atherogenesis by producing oxygen-derived free radicals that damage lipids. Cigarette smoking is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aim: The Aim of our study was to determine the Level of lipid profile, liver function, CRP and MDA in cigarette smokers. Method: A Total No. of 100 subjects were selected, out of which 50 were healthy individual and 50 were chronic smokers. The lipid parameter and Liver function were estimated by enzymatic method, CRP were estimated by Turbidometric kit method and MDA level were estimated by thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) method. Result: Smokers have a significant higher level of liver enzyme such as Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), lipid parameter such as cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and C -reactive protein (CRP); where as decreased significant level of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and serum protein.

The Potential Effect of Citrus Sinensis Extract on Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels in Rat Induced by Cigarette Smoke

“…The plasma MDA levels are higher in smokers than in non-smokers. This study was conducted on 100 subjects with 50 healthy subjects and 50 chronic or heavy smokers and obtained significant results with p-value = 0.0001 (p <0.05) [13]. Other studies have also shown increased levels of MDA in rats exposed to cigarette smoke as many as 40 cigarettes per day (p<0.05) [14].…”

Effectiveness of Sweet Orange Peel Extract (Citrus sinensis) on The Improvement of Liver Functions of Animal Trials Induced by Cigarette Smoke

“…Damage to hepatic cells will increase levels of amino transferase resulting in increased levels of SGOT and SGPT. [5][6] The study by Kumar (2015) also showed that smoking can increase levels of SGOT and SGPT.…”

PENINGKATAN KADAR AMINOTRANSFERASE SERUM PEROKOK AKTIF AKIBAT AKTIVITAS MEROKOK (Suatu Studi Kepustakaan)

“…Adanya Nitrosative stress dan tingginya Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) merupakan radikal bebas akibat rokok dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel dan jaringan, disfungsi mitokondria, inflamasi, serta kelainan neurodegenerative (Bazan, N. G. et al 2012) (Eske, J. dan Sampson, S. 2019). Selain itu stres oksidatif dapat menghasilkan radikal bebas yang menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan aktivitas proteolitik sehingga kadar plasma protein menjadi rendah dan berefek pada terjadinya kerusakan sel ( Kumar, S.,. et al 2015) .…”