Evaluation of Oral Hygiene in Children with Down Syndrome Using the Busy Book Ayo Sikat Gigi as an Educational Toy

Background: Down syndrome which is also known as “trisomy 21” is the commonest chromosomal defect that has been associated with intellectual disability or impairment. Clinically, it has been characterized by the generalized presence of hypotonic musculature, variety of neurobiological alterations, numerous respiratory diseases, and significantly higher risk of developing infection along with various dental abnormalities and oro-facial dysmorphological changes. Periodontal diseases are the most prominent oral health issue among individuals diagnosed with Down Syndrome. Aim: The objective of the present prevalence analysis was to study the implications of Down’s syndrome on oral health status among patients. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional prevalence analysis conducted within a duration of 1 year. A total of 100 children diagnosed with Down syndrome (aged between 5 and 16 years) were selected as the study sample. Inclusion criteria were (a) cytogenetic positive trisomy 21, (b) cooperative behavior, and (c) written informed consent obtained from the legal care-takers. Exclusion criteria were (a) any debilitating form of systemic diseases, (b) any other disability, and (c) extremely uncooperative children. The gingival health status was assessed using gingival index (GI) [Loe and Silness], calculus index (CI) [Ramfjord], and plaque index (PI) [Silness and Loe]. Information involving the practice of oral hygiene maintenance, diet plans, and parental educational status was derived from each parent. Based upon their intelligence quotient (I. Q.) values, the subjects were classified into three groups: a) mild (I. Q. level = 50 to 70), b) moderate (I. Q. level = 35 to 50), and c) severe (I. Q. level ≤35). Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software tool Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Qualitative data were recorded as frequencies, and percentages and quantitative data were recorded as mean and standard deviation values. All categorical outcomes were analyzed by means of the Chi-square test. The quantitative outcomes of Calculus Index, Gingival Index, and Plaque Index were analyzed by either student’s t -test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significance was set at a cut-off value of P < 0.05. Results: Down syndromic children between 12 and 16 years were reported to have statistically significant higher Calculus Index, Gingival Index, and Plaque Index values in comparison with younger age syndromic children ( P < 0.01). Those with severe mental retardation had significantly higher Plaque Index ( P < 0.001) and Gingival Index ( P < 0.04) values when compared with those with mild and moderate mental retardation. No significant difference in comparing Calculus Index was noted. Conclus...

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“…Decreased development in motor skills among patients with Down syndrome is the result of hypotonic musculature. [ 18 19 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Down’s syndrome on oral health status in patients

Gupta¹,

Goud

Gulati³

et al. 2021

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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“…Busy book adalah salah satu mainan anak dalam bentuk buku yang terdiri dari beberapa halaman dari kain flannel yang berisikan beragam kegiatan interaktif (Mufliharsi, 2017). Walaupun berbentuk buku, busy book berbeda dengan buku-buku lain yang juga digunakan untuk merangsang tumbuh kembang anak, seperti cerita bergambar untuk pengetahuan tentang kebencanaan bagi anak (Wardani & Ayriza, 2020), buku cerita bergambar untuk membangun self awareness anak usia dini (Rahimah & Izzaty, 2018), busy book activity untuk penderita down syndrome (Rizal et al, 2020), atau buku ajar matematika untuk anak usia dini (Anggreani & Syafdaningsih, 2019). Busy book dikenal juga dengan istilah quite book atau activity book.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Deteksi Dini Buta Warna pada Anak dengan Mainan Color Vision Busy book

Prasetya

Salsabillah²,

Susanto³

et al. 2023

J. Obs. J. Pendidik. Anak Usia Dini

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Perancangan mainan Color Vision Busy book ini bertujuan menghasilkan desain mainan anak yang dapat memudahkan orangtua dan guru dalam mendeteksi dini atau menemukan indikasi buta warna pada anak usia 3-6 tahun melalui pendekatan permainan. Metode perancangan yang digunakan adalah Design Thinking Method oleh Sheila Pontis berdasarkan Stanford Design School 2010. Metode ini memiliki enam tahapan yakni understand, empathise, define, ideate, prototype, dan test. Konsep perancangan konten serta sistem bermain, menghindari meminta anak untuk mengidentifikasi warna dan menyebutkan angka, karena hal tersebut membutuhkan keterampilan verbal atau kognitif yang lebih maju. Permainan color vision busy book mangarahkan anak untuk mencocokkan, mencari kesamaan, dan mengelompokan sesuai warna serasi. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba produk mainan terhadap anak usia 3-6 tahun dengan kondisi penglihatan normal dan orang dewasa dengan kondisi penglihatan buta warna merah-hijau, diketahui bahwa produk mainan Color Vision Busy book dapat mendeteksi buta warna merah-hijau dan sesuai dengan kemampuan anak usia 3-6 tahun

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“…Cara mencegah masalah gigi yang paling mudah adalah dengan teratur menyikat gigi denga baik dan benar. Anak-anak perlu diberikan edukasi terkait kebersihan gigi karena anak yang terbiasa sikat gigi sejak usia dini akan memberikan pengaruh hingga dewasa dan diharapkan mampu menjaga oral hygiennya (Rizal et al, 2019).…”

Section: A Latar Belakangunclassified

Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan Gigi Pada Anak Usia Dini Dalam Mendukung Program Indonesia Bebas Karies 2030

Mansyur

Marisda

Windasari

2022

JMM

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Abstrak: Karies dimulai sejak anak berusia dini, karena anak mulai berinteraksi dengan lingkungan makanan dan pada dasarnya anak memiliki minat pada makanan kariogenik dan dampaknya menambah masalah pada gigi. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memberikan edukasi kepada anak usia dini cara menyikat gigi yang baik dan benar. Hal ini dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan anak usia dini untuk menjaga oral hygiene dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup anak. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di TK Aisyiyah Maccini Tengah Kota Makassar Sulawesi Selatan pada tanggal 21 Januari 2022. Adapun jumlah peserta didik yang terlibat adalah 22 orang peserta didik, dua orang guru TK, dan kepala sekolah. Penyuluhan ini dilakukan dengan metode ceramah dan demonstrasi menggunakan media dental model. Tahapan awal kegiatan yaitu observasi gambaran perilaku hidup besih dari peserta didik yang dinilai berada pada kategori cukup, kemudian penentuan jadwal dan persiapan perlengkapan yang dibutuhkan; tahap pelaksanaan yaitu penyuluhan cara menyikat gigi yang baik dan benar; tahap evaluasi yaitu melakukan tindakan umpan balik dan praktik menyikat gigi secara mandiri dan mahasiswa bertindak sebagai fasilitator. Hasil dari penyuluhan ini, peserta didik TK Aisyiyah Maccini Tengah mampu melaksanakan praktik menyikat gigi dengan baik dan benar serta menyikat pada area lidah secara mandiri, dengan persentasi sebelum penyuluhan sekitar 40% dan setelah penyuluhan sekitar 87% yang dilihat dari jumlah anak yang menjawab pertanyaan pemahaman Kesehatan gigi dan survei keterampilan menyikat gigi.Abstract: Cariers starts at an early age, because children begin to interact with the food environment and basically children have an interest in cariogenic foods and their effects add to dental problems. The purpose of this activity is to provide education to early childhood how to brush their teeth properly and correctly. This is carried out to improve the knowledge and skills of early childhood to maintain oral hygiene and improve the quality of life of children. This activity was carried out at Aisyiyah Maccini Kindergarten, Makassar City, South Sulawesi on January 21, 2022. The number of students involved were 22 students, two kindergarten teachers, and the school principal. This counseling was carried out using lecture and demonstration methods using dental model media. The initial stages of the activity are observing the description of clean living behavior of students who are considered to be in the sufficient category, then determining the schedule and preparing the required equipment; implementation stage, namely counseling on how to brush teeth properly and correctly; the evaluation stage is to carry out feedback actions and practice brushing teeth independently and students act as facilitators. The results of this counseling, Aisyiyah Maccini Tengah Kindergarten students were able to carry out and correct brushing practices and brush the tongue area independently, with a percentage before counseling around 40% and after counseling around 87% which was seen from the number of children who answered understanding questions. Dental health and tooth brushing skills survey.

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Evaluation of Oral Hygiene in Children with Down Syndrome Using the Busy Book Ayo Sikat Gigi as an Educational Toy

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Implications of Down’s syndrome on oral health status in patients

Implications of Down’s syndrome on oral health status in patients

Deteksi Dini Buta Warna pada Anak dengan Mainan Color Vision Busy book

Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan Gigi Pada Anak Usia Dini Dalam Mendukung Program Indonesia Bebas Karies 2030

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