Evaluation of Urinary Methoxyphenols as Biomarkers of Woodsmoke Exposure

Dills, Russell L.; Paulsen, Michael; Ahmad, Jacqui; Kalman, David A.; Elias, Fady N.; Simpson, Christopher D.

doi:10.1021/es0780028

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Dills et al evaluated several methoxyphenols as biomarkers for wood smoke exposure (Dills et al 2001; Dills et al 2006). Subjects were exposed to campfire smoke for 2 hours and personal PM 2.5 exposure was measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary levoglucosan as a biomarker of wood smoke: Results of human exposure studies

Bergauff

Ward

Noonan

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Urinary levoglucosan was investigated as a potential biomarker of wood smoke exposure in two different controlled experimental settings. Nine subjects were exposed to smoke from a campfire in a controlled setting, and four were exposed to smoke from an older-model wood stove. All subjects were asked to provide urine samples before and after exposure, and to wear personal particulate matter with a diameter of r2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) monitors during exposure. Urinary levoglucosan measurements from both studies showed no consistent response to the smoke exposure. A third experiment was conducted to assess the contribution of dietary factors to urinary levoglucosan levels. Nine subjects were asked to consume caramel and provide urine samples before and after consumption. Urinary levoglucosan levels increased within 2 h of caramel consumption and returned to pre-exposure levels within 24 h. These studies suggest that diet is a major factor in determining urinary levoglucosan levels and that recent dietary history needs to be taken into account for future work involving levoglucosan as a biomarker of wood smoke exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary levoglucosan as a biomarker of wood smoke: Results of human exposure studies

Bergauff

Ward

Noonan

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Different relationships are likely to exist between bulk smoke constituents (particulate matter, CO, CO 2 ), exposure biomarker levels, and health endpoints for each of the different combustion scenarios just described. For example, Dills et al reported that a combination of several methoxyphenols was a more robust biomarker of exposure than using a single compound (Dills et al 2006). In their study, where the fuel included both hardwoods and softwoods, both syringyl-and guaiacyl-type methoxyphenols showed a positive association with the wood-smoke exposure.…”

Section: What Are Some Potential Pitfalls and Limitations For Using Bmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Several studies have investigated the utility of these compounds as urinary biomarkers of wood-smoke exposure (Dills et al 2001;Dills et al 2006;Clarke et al 2007;Neitzel et al 2008). Multiple methoxyphenols are detectable in the urine of individuals with no known elevated exposure to wood smoke, and a substantial increase in urinary methoxyphenol excretion was reported subsequent to inhalation of wood smoke from a campfire (Dills et al 2001;Dills et al 2006). These studies found that biomarker levels were greatly affected by diuresis, and that creatinine correction dramatically improved the relationship between biomarker levels and wood-smoke exposure.…”

Section: What Potential Biomarkers Are Available For Monitoring Exposmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all four studies, wood-smoke exposures were relatively high-in the range of 500-2000 µg/m 3 PM 2.5 . The half-life for urinary excretion of the methoxyphenols was 2-6 h (Dills et al 2006), which indicates that in the case of acute exposure events urine samples would need to be collected within 6-12 h postexposure.…”

Section: What Potential Biomarkers Are Available For Monitoring Exposmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies estimated that for nonsmokers not occupationally exposed, the major portion of PAH dose is taken up through the diet (Chuang et al 1999;). Similarly ingestion of food items containing wood-smoke flavoring (e.g., smoked salmon) caused a substantial increase in urinary methoxyphenol excretion (Dills et al 2001;Dills et al 2006). The possibility also exists for a large dietary contribution of levoglucosan from caramelized sugars (Ratsimba et al 1999).…”

Section: What Are Some Potential Pitfalls and Limitations For Using Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological monitoring of wood-smoke exposure

Simpson

Naeher

2010

Inhalation Toxicology

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It has been clearly established that exposure to wood smoke is associated with a variety of adverse health effects in humans. However, we still have much to learn about the relationship between wood-smoke exposure and disease, including determination of what should be considered a "safe" level of exposure, and whether wood smoke should be regulated separately from other sources of air pollution. To help answer these questions, improved measures of exposure in populations exposed to wood smoke are required. In this mini-review we discuss how biomarkers of exposure can be used to complement the current suite of methods used to assess wood-smoke exposures. We critically review the compounds that are currently being evaluated as biomarkers of exposure to wood smoke, and we identify the strengths and weaknesses of these compounds. We find that, in general, these compounds show promise in situations where wood-smoke exposures are high, but where exposures are low non-wood-smoke sources are likely to be the major determinants of biomarker levels. We also outline a research framework that will move this field forward and maximize the potential for wood-smoke biomarkers to add value to epidemiological studies of wood-smoke health effects.

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ERS/ATS workshop report on respiratory health effects of household air pollution

et al. 2018

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Exposure to household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel combustion affects almost half of the world population. Adverse respiratory outcomes such as respiratory infections, impaired lung growth and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been linked to HAP exposure. Solid fuel smoke is a heterogeneous mixture of various gases and particulates. Cell culture and animal studies with controlled exposure conditions and genetic homogeneity provide important insights into HAP mechanisms. Impaired bacterial phagocytosis in exposed human alveolar macrophages possibly mediates several HAP-related health effects. Lung pathological findings in HAP-exposed individuals demonstrate greater small airways fibrosis and less emphysema compared with cigarette smokers. Field studies using questionnaires, air pollution monitoring and/or biomarkers are needed to better establish human risks. Some, but not all, studies suggest that improving cookstove efficiency or venting emissions may be associated with reduced respiratory symptoms, lung function decline in women and severe pneumonia in children. Current studies focus on fuel switching, stove technology replacements or upgrades and air filter devices. Several governments have initiated major programmes to accelerate the upgrade from solid fuels to clean fuels, particularly liquid petroleum gas, which provides research opportunities for the respiratory health community.

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Evaluation of Urinary Methoxyphenols as Biomarkers of Woodsmoke Exposure

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Urinary levoglucosan as a biomarker of wood smoke: Results of human exposure studies

Urinary levoglucosan as a biomarker of wood smoke: Results of human exposure studies

Biological monitoring of wood-smoke exposure

ERS/ATS workshop report on respiratory health effects of household air pollution

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