Evidence for age susceptibility of cattle to Johne’s disease

Windsor, Peter; Whittington, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.01.007

Cited by 217 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although only a few animals in the youngest group were found to be Young animals are generally most susceptible to infection. According to the meta-analysis of Windsor and Whittington (2009) calves older than six months are more susceptible to MAP infection than adult cattle, but at the same time, they are less susceptible than calves younger than six months of age. It is considered that the intestinal mucosa of newborn calves is highly permeable and thus it allows MAP to penetrate through the mucosal barrier (Sweeney, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this time, a cow's organism is most likely exposed to the occurrence of a negative energy balance (Johnson-Ifearulundu et al, 2000). The influence of other stress factors such as nutrition or lactation, are described by Windsor and Whittington (2009). Stress factors can contribute to the weakening of cell-mediated immunity, which can lead to shedding of MAP in faeces (van Roermund et al, 2007;Windsor and Whittington, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of other stress factors such as nutrition or lactation, are described by Windsor and Whittington (2009). Stress factors can contribute to the weakening of cell-mediated immunity, which can lead to shedding of MAP in faeces (van Roermund et al, 2007;Windsor and Whittington, 2009). A combination of stress factors, infective dose of agents and immunological state of an individual animal then determine if exposure leads to infection, regression, recovery or disease .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These animals were unlikely to be exposed to MAP in the early postnatal period. Alternatively, age-related resistance, which is regarded as a significant factor in PTB, might have protected these cows in adulthood and after their transfer to a new herd (Chiodini, 1996;Ayele et al, 2001;Hasonova and Pavlik, 2006;Windsor and Whittington, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis in tissues of naturally infected cattle as affected by age

Hasoňová¹,

Trcka²,

Babák³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

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The objectives of this study were to investigate Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) distribution in various tissues, in faeces and in milk samples from 131 animals originating from one imported Jersey cattle herd from Denmark. MAP was detected by culture in 37.4% animals. Massive MAP growth was most often observed in the small intestines (48 animals). The lowest levels of MAP were found in spleen and mammary gland samples. MAP was detected in the faeces of 8.4% animals; however, milk samples were MAP negative by culture. The highest prevalence of MAP infection (42.9%) was in age Group B (1.6 to 3 years) and the lowest (6.1%) in group D (more than 8 years). Seven positive calves were detected in the youngest age group; one of them was less than one month of age, which could imply an intrauterine infection. MAP shedding in faeces by a five-month-old calf was also confirmed. The IS900 RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) type B-C1 was identified in all animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis in tissues of naturally infected cattle as affected by age

Hasoňová¹,

Trcka²,

Babák³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…However, the relationship between challenge dose and progression to infectiousness has not been fully quantified. Dose-dependent or age-dependent response to infection is common for many pathogens, including MAP [8][9][10]. Previous work with other pathogens illustrates the potential impact of changes to pathogenesis due to age at exposure subsequently resulting in a change in infection transmission dynamics in a population [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the effect of dose and age at exposure on shedding ofMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) in experimentally infected calves and cows

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYA meta-analysis was performed using all published and one unpublished long-term infection-challenge experiments to quantify the age- and dose-dependence of early and late shedding of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in cattle. There were 194 animals from 17 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which 173 received a known dose of MAP and 21 were exposed naturally. Results from parametric time-to-event models indicated that challenging older calves or using multiple-exposure experimental systems resulted in a smaller proportion and shorter duration of early shedding as well as slower transition to late shedding from latent compartments. Calves exposed naturally showed variable infection progression rates, not dissimilar to other infection routes. The log-normal distribution was most appropriate for modelling infection-progression events. The infection pattern revealed by the modelling allowed better understanding of low-grade endemicity of MAP in cattle, and the parameter estimates are the basis for future transmission dynamics modelling.

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Management ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin dairy farms:Selection and evaluation of different DNA extraction methods from bovine and buffaloes milk and colostrum for the establishment of a safe colostrum farm bank

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to develop and validate different innovative DNA extraction methods to detect Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) DNA from bovine and buffalo colostrum. Paratuberculosis is a chronic inflammatory infection of domestic and wild animals, especially ruminants, caused by MAP. The primary route of disease transmission is feces, but MAP can also be excreted in milk and colostrum. In 2015, the Italian Ministry of Health has issued a voluntary control plan of MAP in order to allow risk‐based certification of bovine and buffaloes farms. In addition to the annual diagnostic screening and to the clinical surveillance of animals the plan includes the adoption of biosecurity and management measures to progressively mitigate the incidence of MAP. To achieve this goal it is crucial to ensure the accuracy of the methods used to detect the presence of MAP in bovine and buffaloes milk and colostrum, in order to: (1) support a "safe colostrum farm‐bank" set‐up and thus prevent the main within‐farm MAP transmission route and (2) to allow the MAP‐free certification of milk products for export purposes. To achieve these goals, seven different DNA extraction protocols were identified from bibliography, out of which three methods were finally selected after the adoption of an evaluation procedure aimed at assessing the efficiency of extraction of DNA, the purity of DNA and the adaptability of the DNA amplification: NucleoSpin® Food Kit (Macherey‐Nagel), NucleoSpin® Food Kit (Macherey‐Nagel) combined with the magnetic beads, and QIAamp Cador Pathogen Mini kit (QIAGEN). In particular, the NucleoSpin® Food Kit (Macherey‐Nagel) and the QIAamp Cador Pathogen Mini kit (QIAGEN) were tested on bovine and buffalo colostrum, showing a LOD between 4 × 104 (2.6 × 106 cfu/ml) and 4.08 (26.7 cfu/ml) IS900 target copies and a LOD between 5.3 × 105 (4.1 × 106 cfu/ml) and 53 (4.1 × 103 cfu/ml) IS900 target copies, respectively.

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Evidence for age susceptibility of cattle to Johne’s disease

Cited by 217 publications

References 22 publications

Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis in tissues of naturally infected cattle as affected by age

Distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis in tissues of naturally infected cattle as affected by age

A meta-analysis of the effect of dose and age at exposure on shedding ofMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) in experimentally infected calves and cows

Management ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin dairy farms:Selection and evaluation of different DNA extraction methods from bovine and buffaloes milk and colostrum for the establishment of a safe colostrum farm bank

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