Ex vivo evaluation of radical sun protection factor in popular sunscreens with antioxidants

Wang, Steven Q.; Osterwalder, Uli; Jung, K.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.07.009

Cited by 50 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These so-called "natural chemicals" (i.e., polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins and anthocyanidins) possess radical scavenger properties against ROS generated by UV-filters reaction with solar radiation, providing broad-spectrum sunscreen products with antioxidant, wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties [27]. The booster effect on the body natural reserve of antioxidants can contribute to neutralization of intrinsic and extrinsic ROS, creating a new kind of sunscreen with a two-step protection: The first operated by UV-filters as a "passive" protection by absorbing and reflecting UV radiation and the second as "active" protection by antioxidants quenching ROS generated by UV light that has by-passed UV filters [4]. Differently from synthetic UV-filters, which have to remain on the stratum corneum to be safe and effective, natural compounds should reach the viable skin layers to exploit photo-protection effect, since ultraviolet radiation penetrates deeply the skin [16].…”

Section: Natural Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas the stratospheric ozone layer completely blocks UVC radiation and UVB wavelengths below 295 nm, 90-95% of the UV radiation that reaches the Earth's surface is UVA, with UVB accounting for most of the remainder. At longer wavelengths, UVA penetrates deeply through the skin layers, reaching the basal layer of the epidermis and the inner dermis, interacting with endogenous and exogenous photosensitizers and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are responsible for the onset of DNA mutations related to skin cancer development, of the acceleration of collagen breakdown and of the decrease of collagen synthesis, with consequent appearance of skin fragility and wrinkles [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous Permeation and Penetration of Sunscreens: Formulation Strategies and In Vitro Methods

et al. 2017

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Sunscreens are the most common products used for skin protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. However, as frequent application is recommended, the use of large amount of sunscreens could reflect in possible systemic absorption and since these preparations are often applied on large skin areas, even low penetration rates can cause a significant amount of sunscreen to enter the body. An ideal sunscreen should have a high substantivity and should neither penetrate the viable epidermis, the dermis and the systemic circulation, nor in hair follicle. The research of methods to assess the degree of penetration of solar filters into the skin is nowadays even more important than in the past, due to the widespread use of nanomaterials and the new discoveries in cosmetic formulation technology. In the present paper, different in vitro studies, published in the last five years, have been reviewed, in order to focus the attention on the different methodological approaches employed to effectively assess the skin permeation and retention of sunscreens.

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Section: Natural Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Permeation and Penetration of Sunscreens: Formulation Strategies and In Vitro Methods

et al. 2017

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“…According to Wang, Osterwalder, and Jung (2011), topical application of antioxidant compounds associated with UV filters may neutralize the free radicals induced by UV radiation. Wang and col. (2011) reported that a product with a high PF-UVA absorbs most of the harmful radiation in the UVA spectrum reducing the amount of free radicals generated in the skin.…”

Section: In Vitro Uva Protection Factor (Fp-uva) Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of O/W emulsions containing Euterpe oleracea extract and evaluation of photoprotective efficacy

Daher

Fontes

Rodrigues

et al. 2014

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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Euterpe oleracea Mart. is a palm tree popularly known as açai, which is primarily found in northern Brazil. The açai's fruits contain anthocyanins, a class of polyphenols to which antioxidant properties have been attributed. The aim of this work was to develop O/W sunscreens emulsions containing açai glycolic extract (AGE) and to evaluate both their physical stability and photoprotective efficacy. Emulsions containing AGE and sunscreens were formulated using different types and concentrations of polymeric surfactant (acrylates/C 10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer and sodium polyacrylate). The influence of two rheology modifiers (polyacrylamide (and) C13-14/isoparaffin (and) Laureth-7 and Carbomer) on the stability was also investigated. Physical stability was evaluated by preliminary and accelerated studies. Emulsions with 1.0% sodium polyacrylate were stable and exhibited non-newtonian pseudoplastic behavior and thixotropy. Photoprotective efficacy was evaluated by in vivo Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and determination of Protection Factor of UVA (PF-UVA). When AGE was added to the sunscreen emulsion, no significant increase in the in vivo SPF value was observed. The emulsion containing AGE showed PF-UVA = 14.97, 1.69 of the SPF/PF-UVA ratio and a critical wavelength value of 378 nm, and may therefore be considered a sunscreen with UVA and UVB protection. Euterpe oleracea Mart. é uma palmeira popularmente conhecida como açaí, encontrada no norte do Brasil. O fruto do açaí apresenta em sua composição antocianinas, uma classe de polifenóis à qual é atribuída propriedade antioxidante. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram desenvolver emulsões fotoprotetoras O/A contendo extrato glicólico de açaí (AGE), avaliar a estabilidade física e avaliar a eficácia fotoprotetora. Emulsões contendo AGE e filtros solares foram formuladas utilizando diferentes tipos e concentrações de tensoativo polimérico (acrilates/C 10-30 alquil acrilato polímero cruzado e polilacrilato sódico). A influência de dois modificadores reológicos (poliacrilamida (e) C13-14/isoparafina (e) Laureth-7 e Carbomer) na estabilidade foi avaliada. A estabilidade física das emulsões foi avaliada por meio de estudos de estabilidade preliminar e acelerada. Emulsões com 1,0% poliacrilato sódico foram estáveis, exibiram comportamento não-newtoniano pseudoplástico e tixotrópico. A eficácia fotoprotetora foi avaliada pelo teste in vivo de Fator de Proteção Solar (FPS) e pela determinação do Fator de Proteção UVA (FP-UVA). Quando adicionado o AGE na emulsão contendo filtros solares, não se observou aumento significativo no valor do FPS. A emulsão contendo o AGE apresentou FP-UVA=14,97, a razão FPS/ FP-UVA = 1,69 e o comprimento de onda crítico igual a 378 nm, podendo ser considerado um protetor solar com proteção UVA e UVB. Unitermos:Emulsão O/A/desenvolvimento. Euterpe oleracea/farmacognosia. Euterpe oleracea/extrato glicólico/eficácia fotoprotetora. Protetores Solares/desenvolvimento. Fator de Proteção Solar.

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“…UVB protection by vitamin C is frequently mentioned in the literature 6 , 9 - 11 . However, the study by Wang et al indicates that more work in formulation of cremes is needed, since there seem to be many products in which the desired effects are not measurable 12 . The use of vitamin C in cosmetic products is difficult as its reducing capacity occurs very fast and its degradation may occur under the presence of oxygen even before the topical application to the skin 13 …”

Section: Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging

Schagen¹,

Zampeli

Makrantonaki

et al. 2012

Dermato-Endocrinology

190

101

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Skin has been reported to reflect the general inner-health status and aging. Nutrition and its reflection on skin has always been an interesting topic for scientists and physicians throughout the centuries worldwide. Vitamins, carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids and a variety of plant extracts have been reported to possess potent anti-oxidant properties and have been widely used in the skin care industry either as topically applied agents or oral supplements in an attempt to prolong youthful skin appearance. This review will provide an overview of the current literature “linking” nutrition with skin aging.

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Ex vivo evaluation of radical sun protection factor in popular sunscreens with antioxidants

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

Cutaneous Permeation and Penetration of Sunscreens: Formulation Strategies and In Vitro Methods

Cutaneous Permeation and Penetration of Sunscreens: Formulation Strategies and In Vitro Methods

Development of O/W emulsions containing Euterpe oleracea extract and evaluation of photoprotective efficacy

Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging

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