“…A large number of research support the positive effects of women's entrepreneurship in Africa even though it is often driven by necessity. It is mainly a source of employment adapted to the social and human capital of women entrepreneurs, it is also a source of income, a source of fulfillment as they fully express their talents, as well as a source of innovation (Simen, 2020, Mendy, 2017, Diouf and Simen, 2014, and Guérin, 2002Olarewaju et al, 2019, in Nigeria;Dokou and Rayaleh, 2016 in Djibouti;Smith-Hunter, 2013 in Ghana; Kane, 2009 in Mauritania;Rachidi, 2006 in Morocco;Tchoussi, 2002 in Cameroon). Female management seems particularly effective, as women mobilize their networks (family, relational, social, and cultural) to cope with impoverishment and the reduction of family resources in African countries 4 .…”