Explaining Metastability in Real Synchronizers

Reiher, Justin; Greenstreet, Mark R.; Jones, Ian W.

doi:10.1109/async.2018.00024

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…To obtain a general understanding of the resolution behavior, we defined a regular grid in the plane, started a transient simulation with V out close to the metastable value V M and then determined for each grid point the respective slope of V out on a logarithmic scale, i.e., the responsiveness r = ln (V out ) = V out /V out . The same figure of merit was already used by Reiher et al [20] to describe the responsiveness of synchronizers. For exponential trajectories r = 1/τ is achieved.…”

Section: ) Application To Circuit Opampmentioning

confidence: 88%

Simulation-Based Approaches for Comprehensive Schmitt-Trigger Analyses

Maier

Hartl-Nesic

Steininger

2022

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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Schmitt-Triggers (S/Ts) are often utilized to clean noisy analog signals at intermediate voltage values in digital circuits. However, they are vulnerable to metastability, which may cause the same undesired non-digital output behavior that was supposed to be removed in the first place. To enable an efficient characterization of static and dynamic metastability properties of S/Ts (e.g., the metastable voltages, the resolution time constants and the overall total resolution times), this work introduces multiple simulation approaches based on control theory, AC, DC and transient analyses. The accuracy and runtime of all methods are compared and discussed by applying them to an analytically describable idealized circuit model as well as three common circuit implementations. Altogether, this work represents a comprehensive resource for investigating the metastable behavior in S/Ts. Even more, the proposed methods are applicable beyond the S/T, enabling an efficient characterization of static and dynamic metastable behavior in general circuits as well.

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Section: ) Application To Circuit Opampmentioning

confidence: 88%

Simulation-Based Approaches for Comprehensive Schmitt-Trigger Analyses

Maier

Hartl-Nesic

Steininger

2022

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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“…It can be easily retraced that a properly placed up-pulse on the reset input R does the trick. Note that a similar approach was used by Reiher et al [9] to prolong the metastability of synchronizers. 2) Set and Reset Input Pulse: SPICE simulations shown in Fig.…”

Section: Sr Latchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gain and Pain of a Reliable Delay Model

Maier

2021

2021 24th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD)

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In this paper we evaluate a promising delay estimation method, the Involution Delay Model. We apply it to three simple circuits (a combinatorial loop, an SR latch and an adder), interpret the delivered results and determine realistic overhead estimations. Comparisons to analog SPICE simulations reveal fine-grained behavioral coverage, whereat the commonly used digital inertial delay model shows severe shortcomings. Overall, the Involution Delay Model is able to identify a wide range of malicious behavior and is thus a viable upgrade to available delay models in modern digital timing simulation tools.

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Optimization and Comparison of Synchronizers

Reiher

Greenstreet

2020

2020 26th IEEE International Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems (ASYNC)

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Explaining Metastability in Real Synchronizers

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Simulation-Based Approaches for Comprehensive Schmitt-Trigger Analyses

Simulation-Based Approaches for Comprehensive Schmitt-Trigger Analyses

Gain and Pain of a Reliable Delay Model

Optimization and Comparison of Synchronizers

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