Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Which One to Use First?

Orçan, Fatih

doi:10.21031/epod.394323

Cited by 231 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Out of the total sample size of 1,436, 50% (n = 718) was used for EFA and the remaining 50% (n = 718) for confirmatory factor analysis. 29 As the responses for each item were given on an ordinal scale, we used polychoric correlation for EFA. We used the principal axis factoring method for the initial extraction of factors, followed by orthogonal quartimax rotation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used the principal axis factoring method for the initial extraction of factors, followed by orthogonal quartimax rotation. For confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness of fit indices used to assess the degree of fit were RMSEA; <0.08 acceptable, <0.05 excellent, 30 , 31 Tucker–Lewis index (TLI; >0.90 acceptable, >0.95 excellent), 31 and Bentler's comparative fit index (CFI; >0.90 acceptable, >0.95 excellent). 32 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and validation of a Smartphone Impact Scale among healthcare professionals

Altamimi

Alex

Khan

et al. 2020

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences

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Objectives Smartphone overuse is prevalent among healthcare professionals. There is no standard scale that can measure the impact of smartphone usage on healthcare professionals. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool, the Smartphone Impact Scale (SIS), that can effectively measure the use of smartphone among healthcare professionals. Methods We developed a generic instrument to study the impact of smartphone usage among healthcare professionals. A total of 1436 healthcare professionals from various regions of KSA participated in this study through an online questionnaire-based survey. The psychometric properties of the SIS were developed using content validity index (CVI), factor analysis, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability analysis. Results A 23-item scale was selected for reliability and validity analysis. The average CVI was found to be 0.824. The internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha value was 0.91, and test-retest reliability was 0.85. The Cronbach's alpha values for Factors 1 and 2 were 0.875 and 0.803, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis indices were as follows: root mean square of approximation = 0.0710, comparative fit index = 0.861, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.845, and the coefficient of determination = 0.969. The correlation between two factors was 0.66. After factor analysis, we developed a final questionnaire with 23 items. Conclusions Our SIS showed a three-factor structure and appropriate psychometric characteristics. Due to its adequate reliability and validity, SIS can be conveniently used to evaluate the impact of smartphone usage on healthcare professionals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a Smartphone Impact Scale among healthcare professionals

Altamimi

Alex

Khan

et al. 2020

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences

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“…This study will capture in-depth information about growing digital retail stores in Vietnam. The analysis is done by SPSS 22 and R studio and R-cran software packages [84]. For the simulation of this study, the data sets with a sample size of 241 were used.…”

Section: Data Analysis and Model Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since researchers have not designed the factors on sample size, 241 samples will be sufficient for this study [85]. However, with the increase in the complexity of the model, the sample size should be increased [84]. The model consists of two factors and four observed variables.…”

Section: Data Analysis and Model Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Evidence Study of Consumer Perception and Socioeconomic Profiles for Digital Stores in Vietnam

et al. 2020

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Digital stores are spreading their tentacles slowly in Vietnam, the most upcoming economy of the ASEAN region, so it is a relevant and contemporary study to know the perceptual thought and socioeconomic profiles of customers. Since there is a lack of independent study in this area, the relationships can be researched and presented. The context of digitization and consumerism is slowly growing in the Vietnamese market. So, this article studies the factors influencing online consumer perception and purchase orientation for digital stores operating in Vietnam through apps and websites. This study is a bi-phase study. In the first phase, constructs, such as digital store images, digital customer loyalty, satisfaction and digital socio-economic profiles of consumers, are examined. In the second part, the empirical analysis is carried by the authors. The study is done by SPSS 22, R studio, and R-cran software packages. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, very simple structure (VSS) criterion, and parallel analysis are used for the study. Customers have an almost balanced view of shifting to other stores and the image of the digital store, which makes the price have a substantial effect on the digital store image. The education and empathetic nature of employees also affect the way customers complain, and the way delivery is handled, which is Factor 1 for the model. Factor 2 is promotion, pricing, billing ease, or proper billing, which influence the purchasing power of the customer. So, the service provider or digital store has to be cautious of a specific socioeconomic variable. Digital store image is significantly about complaint handling methods, promotional aspects, and image-driven pricing. So the digital store has to be more careful about these factors. So, from the model, it can be concluded that digital consumers’ socioeconomic profiles, the price of the product, and the digital store’s image appear to have a significant relationship. A consumer pattern is having the education and the period of purchase, which explains the relationship better. The level of education and the period of purchase from a digital store also have significant differences among each other. Thus, the digital service provider should consider the level of education and the period of continuous purchase from a digital store as the criteria for evaluating digital customer loyalty. The price of the product seems to be significant as a variable too. The digital store image appears to be substantial for grievances, promotion, and image driven by price. So this considerable relationship has to be taken into consideration by the service provider while focusing on making decisions for customer loyalty.

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“…Araştırma 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında Kocaeli ve İstanbul illerinde görev yapan öğretmenlerle (iki farklı çalışma grubu) yürütülmüştür. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini test etmek amacıyla önce birinci örneklem grubu ile Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) aracılığıyla bir model oluşturulmuş; sonra ikinci örneklem grubu ile Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılarak ölçeğin yapısının doğrulanıp doğrulanmayacağı belirlenmiştir (Orçan, 2018). Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın ilk çalışma grubunu Kocaeli ilinde çalışan 400 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır.…”

Section: Yöntem 21 çAlışma Grubuunclassified

Adaptation of Teacher Retention Scale into Turkish Culture: A sudy of validity and reliability

KAYA¹,

Argon

2019

HumanSciences

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This study involves the adaptation of Teacher Retention Scale designed by Joyce Marie Brydson Alexander (2010) into Turkish via teachers. To ensure the language validity of the scale during the adaptation into Turkish culture, translation, back-translation and expert opinion methods have primarily been used. A linguistic equivalency form has then been used to ensure the linguistic equivalency of the scale. To test the linguistic equivalency of the scale, English Language Teachers have been used at certain intervals (English-Turkish; Turkish-English) and it has been found that there are positive and meaningful correlations between English and Turkish form scores. It has been demonstrated that the scale owns a unidimensional structure with 6 sections as a result of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis conducted in order to determine the factor structure of the scale. The total item correlation coefficients of Teacher Retention Scale varies from ,584 to ,769. It has been concluded that these coefficients are as expected. Besides, factor load values have been found around ,671 and ,835. For instance, Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient has been measured

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Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Which One to Use First?

Cited by 231 publications

References 18 publications

Development and validation of a Smartphone Impact Scale among healthcare professionals

Development and validation of a Smartphone Impact Scale among healthcare professionals

An Empirical Evidence Study of Consumer Perception and Socioeconomic Profiles for Digital Stores in Vietnam

Adaptation of Teacher Retention Scale into Turkish Culture: A sudy of validity and reliability

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