Expression of self-concept and adjustment against repeated aggressions: the case of a longitudinal study on school bullying

Abstract

Bullying between students in the school setting is an increasing problem. Bullying can be defined as any form of repeated mental or physical violence carried out by one or several individuals on a person who is not capable of defending himself (Roland and Idsoe, Aggress Behav 27:446-462, 2001). The aim of this paper is to observe the expression of self-concept and adjustment strategies developed by children subject to this kind of violence. Five hundred twenty-four students between the ages of 8 and 12 (m=9.44) participated in the longitudinal study. Two measurements were made during the same school year at an interval of 6 months. The results show that the student victims of bullying present weaker self-conceptions than the control group. Recourse to avoidance strategies would be dominant among student victims of bullying. Moreover, recourse to "avoidance" type strategies would lead to an increase in the frequency of bullying while recourse to "approach"-type strategies would lead to a reduction in it. Furthermore, it would seem that recourse to avoidance strategies at T1 lowers the student's self-concepts at T2. The opposite effect is observed with the approach strategies. These different results emphasize the necessity to establish prevention programs which allow an intervention simultaneously on the level of the school, the family, and the student.Résumé Les agressions entre élèves en milieu scolaire constituent un problème grandissant. Le bullying peut être défini comme toutes formes de violences physiques ou mentales répétées, effectuées par un ou plusieurs individus sur une personne qui n'est pas capable de se défendre elle-même (Roland and Idsoe 2001). Cette étude a pour objectif d'observer l'expression des concepts de soi et les stratégies d'ajustement mises en place auprès des enfants impliqués dans ce type de violence. 524 élèves âgés de 8 à 12 ans (m=9.44) ont participé à l'étude longitudinale. Deux mesures ont été réalisées au cours de la même année scolaire à 6 mois d'intervalle. Les résultats montrent que les élèves victimes d'agressions répétées présentent des conceptions de soi plus faibles que le groupe contrôle. Le recours aux stratégies d'évitement serait dominant auprès des élèves victimes de bullying. En outre, le recours aux stratégies de type «évitement» conduirait à une augmentation de la fréquence des agressions alors que le recours aux stratégies de type «approche» conduirait à une diminution de celle-ci. Par ailleurs, il semblerait que le recours aux stratégies d'évitement à T1 vienne dégrader les concepts de soi de l'élève à T2. Nous observons l'effet inverse avec les stratégies d'approche. Ces différents résultats soulignent la nécessité qu'il y a à instaurer des programmes de prévention permettant une intervention simultanée au niveau de l'institution, de la famille et de l'élève.

The Peer Aggressive and Reactive Behaviors Questionnaire (PARB-Q): evidence of validity in the Brazilian context

“…23,24 Other studies, however, report that seeking support is an effective strategy for girls, predicting lesser levels of victimization in this group, but is associated with higher levels of victimization in boys. 24,50 Finally, there were significant positive correlations between the IR factor and all PARB-Q factors. The (Table 4).…”

“…19 Avoidance, physical or verbal aggressive responses, and isolation are commonly associated with greater victimization. 23,24 The search for social support is an effective strategy that predicts less victimization among girls 24 ; conversely, in boys, it is associated with a higher likelihood of recurrent victimization. 25 According proactive and reactive aggressive behaviors.…”

Development and validation of a questionnaire to evaluate overt aggression and reactions to peer aggression

“…Seeking teacher support was positively associated with social abilities. Seeking social support has been found to be effective for decreasing the level of victimization, while externalizing, internalizing, and other strategies have been found to increase victimization and stress (Houbre et al, 2010;Newman, Holden, & Delville, 2011).…”

“…Seeking social support is an effective strategy for girls predicting lesser levels of victimization. In the other hand, seeking social support is associated with higher levels of victimization in boys (Houbre, Tarquinio, & Lanfranchi, 2010;Shelley & Craig, 2010). Thus, results of the literature suggest taking into account age and gender differences when studying aggressive behaviors or responses to them.…”

Kecenderungan Anak Menjadi Pelaku Dan Korban Bullying Ditinjau Dari Kualitas Kelekatan Dengan Ibu Yang Bekerja

“…Mengakibatkan dampak negatif bagi korban (Krahe, 2005 26 ;Houbre, dkk., 2006;Houbre, dkk., 2010). 27 Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa ciri-ciri perilaku bullying meliputi (1). Adanya perilaku agresif yang sengaja dilakukan, (2).…”