With
the rapid development of the economy and technology, intelligent
wearable devices have gradually entered public life. Flexible sensors,
as the main component of wearable devices, have been widely concerned.
However, traditional flexible sensors need an external power supply,
lacking flexibility and sustainable power supply. In this study, structured
poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based composite nanofiber membranes
doped with different mass fractions of MXene and zinc oxide (ZnO)
were prepared by electrospinning and were then assembled to flexible
self-powered friction piezoelectric sensors. The addition of MXene
and ZnO endowed PVDF nanofiber membranes with better piezoelectric
properties. The structured PVDF/MXene-PVDF/ZnO (PM/PZ) nanofiber membranes
with a double-layer structure, interpenetrating structure, or core–shell
structure could further enhance the piezoelectric properties of PVDF-based
nanofiber membranes through the synergistic effects of filler doping
and structural design. In particular, the output voltage of the self-powered
friction piezoelectric sensor made of a core–shell PM/PZ nanofiber
membrane showed a good linear relationship with the applied pressure
and could produce a good piezoelectric response to the bending deformation
caused by human motion.