Fabrication of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

Singh, Jitendra Pal; Bhardwaj, Richa; Sharma, Aditya; Kaur, Baljeet; Won, Sung Ok; Gautam, Sanjeev; Chae, Keun Hwa

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102414-0.00002-1

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…One of the most common microfabrication methods used for lab-on-a-chip is photolithography. Explaining the process involved with photolithography, as shown in Figure 2 : photolithography uses UV light to transfer the predesigned pattern from a photomask to a substrate or thin film [ 42 ]. First, the substrate will need to be cleaned and subsequently coated with a photosensitive chemical called photoresist.…”

Section: Lab-on-a-chip Microfabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the photoresist, a positive or negative pattern is formed when the photoresist is developed. This is because there are two types of photoresists: positive and negative, which react differently when exposed to the UV light and whose use will depend on the intended structure that is to be fabricated [ 42 , 43 ]. Positive photoresist becomes more soluble and is removed after exposure to UV light, while negative photoresist polymerizes, hardens, and remains after exposure to UV light.…”

Section: Lab-on-a-chip Microfabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lab-on-a-Chip for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathology

Beverung

Steward

2020

Micromachines

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Lab-on-a-chip technologies have allowed researchers to acquire a flexible, yet relatively inexpensive testbed to study one of the leading causes of death worldwide, cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular diseases, such as peripheral artery disease, arteriosclerosis, and aortic stenosis, for example, have all been studied by lab-on-a-chip technologies. These technologies allow for the integration of mammalian cells into functional structures that mimic vital organs with geometries comparable to those found in vivo. For this review, we focus on microdevices that have been developed to study cardiovascular physiology and pathology. With these technologies, researchers can better understand the electrical–biomechanical properties unique to cardiomyocytes and better stimulate and understand the influence of blood flow on the human vasculature. Such studies have helped increase our understanding of many cardiovascular diseases in general; as such, we present here a review of the current state of the field and potential for the future.

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Section: Lab-on-a-chip Microfabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lab-on-a-chip Microfabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab-on-a-Chip for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathology

Beverung

Steward

2020

Micromachines

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“…For making uniform porous GDL, pores morphology on the mask should be accurately distributed. The exposure of the material to light and the process (dry or wet) are the two most important phases in this technology; these two processes control the whole design of the porous material [ 71 , 72 ].…”

Section: Fabrication Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Material (Titanium Gas Diffusion Layer) in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell/Electrolyzer: Fabrication Methods & GeoDict: A Critical Review

et al. 2023

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a renewable energy source rapidly approaching commercial viability. The performance is significantly affected by the transfer of fluid, charges, and heat; gas diffusion layer (GDL) is primarily concerned with the consistent transfer of these components, which are heavily influenced by the material and design. High-efficiency GDL must have excellent thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, permeability, corrosion resistance, and high mechanical characteristics. The first step in creating a high-performance GDL is selecting the appropriate material. Therefore, titanium is a suitable substitute for steel or carbon due to its high strength-to-weight and superior corrosion resistance. The second crucial parameter is the fabrication method that governs all the properties. This review seeks to comprehend numerous fabrication methods such as tape casting, 3D printing, freeze casting, phase separation technique, and lithography, along with the porosity controller in each process such as partial sintering, input design, ice structure, pore agent, etching time, and mask width. Moreover, other GDL properties are being studied, including microstructure and morphology. In the future, GeoDict simulation is highly recommended for optimizing various GDL properties, as it is frequently used for other porous materials. The approach can save time and energy compared to intensive experimental work.

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“…[8][9][10][11] Research in recent years shows that spintronic devices such as the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) are among the considered memory devices for designing the new generation of non-volatile memories due to high retention time, long-endurance, low static power consumption, and most importantly, compatibility with CMOS and CNTFET fabrication process. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Utilizing the non-volatile feature of the MTJ device and tunable threshold voltage of the gate-all-around-CNTFET (GAA-CNTFET) through flat-band voltage, this paper proposes a low-cost and highly reliable spintronic non-volatile quaternary memory. The proposed design offers low average and static power consumption and a low area overhead over state-of-the-art counterparts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and Highly Reliable Spintronic Non-volatile Quaternary Memory Based on Carbon Nanotube FETs and Multi-TMR MTJs

BahmanAbadi¹,

Amirany²,

Jafari³

et al. 2022

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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Due to the limitations of traditional binary circuits, such as high power consumption and large area and interconnections density, multi-valued logic (MVL) was offered as a solution. Quaternary logic is a form of MVL that is highly compatible with binary systems. This paper proposes a low-cost and highly reliable non-volatile quaternary memory benefiting from the adjustable threshold voltage property of gate-all-around carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (GAA-CNTFET) and non-volatile nature of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ). The proposed quaternary memory occupies less area and consumes lower power. The simulation results show that the proposed design offers up to 53%, 41%, and 69% lower average power, static power, and write power. Moreover, it offers up to 47% and 34% lower read power delay product (PDP) and write PDP, respectively. The proposed latch also occupies up to 23% lower area than the state-of-the-art non-volatile quaternary memories.

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Fabrication of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

Cited by 7 publications

References 97 publications

Lab-on-a-Chip for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathology

Lab-on-a-Chip for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathology

Porous Material (Titanium Gas Diffusion Layer) in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell/Electrolyzer: Fabrication Methods & GeoDict: A Critical Review

Efficient and Highly Reliable Spintronic Non-volatile Quaternary Memory Based on Carbon Nanotube FETs and Multi-TMR MTJs

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