“…Other more recently reported methods [25] are often variations and/or extensions of [21], using Haar-like features or local binary patterns (LBP) or anisotropic Gaussian features filters with AdaBoost type algorithms ( [2], [8], [10], [11], [12], [13], [20], [24]), or employ other techniques like support vector machine, SVM ( [2], [6], [7], [23]), Haar wavelets ( [17]), convolutional neural networks -CNN / ConvNet ( [3]), facial landmarks models ( [26]), or energy based methods ( [14]), while (some) are still using portions of image scanning and preprocessing as in [19] and/or [16]. These methods also demonstrate good (or promising) results, several not only for the frontal-view, but also for the multi-view case.…”