Facial Nerve Repair: Bioengineering Approaches in Preclinical Models

Bengür, Fuat Barış; Stoy, Conrad; Binko, Mary A.; Nerone, Wayne Vincent; Fedor, Caroline Nadia; Solari, Mario G.; Marra, Kacey G.

doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0381

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…Although many studies have achieved the repair effects of facial nerves through preclinical models, a few related studies have focused on the vascular regeneration of regenerative nerves. However, tissue regeneration accompanied by angiogenesis is essential for the survival of regenerated tissue .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Tubes Inoculated with Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Stem Cell Factor Enhance Facial Nerve-Vascularized Regeneration in Rabbits

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Facial nerve injury is a common clinical condition that leads to disfigurement and emotional distress in the affected individuals, and the recovery presents clinical challenges. Tissue engineering is the standard method to repair nerve defects. However, nerve regeneration is still not satisfactory because of poor neovascularization after implantation, especially for the long-segment nerve defects. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the potential of chitosan tubes inoculated with stem cell factor (SCF) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in facial nerve-vascularized regeneration. In the in vitro experiment, DPSCs were isolated, cultured, and then identified. The optimal concentration of SCF was screened by CCK8. Cytoskeleton and living-cell staining, migration, CCK8 test, and neural differentiation assays were performed, revealing that SCF promoted the biological activity of DPSCs. Surprisingly, SCF increased the neural differentiation of DPSCs. The migration and angiogenesis experiments were carried out to show that SCF promoted the angiogenesis and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In the facial nerve, 7 mm defects of New Zealand white rabbits, hematoxylin–eosin (HE), immunohistochemistry, toluidine blue staining, and transmission electron microscopy observation were performed at 12 weeks postsurgery to show more nerve fibers and better myelin sheath in the SCF + DPSC group. In addition, the whisker movements, Masson’s staining, and western blot assays were performed, demonstrating functional repair and that the expression level of CD31 protein in the group SCF + DPSCs was relatively close to that in the group Autograft. In summary, chitosan tubes inoculated with SCF and DPSCs increased neurovascularization and provided an effective method for repairing facial nerve defects, indicating great promise for clinical application.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Tubes Inoculated with Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Stem Cell Factor Enhance Facial Nerve-Vascularized Regeneration in Rabbits

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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“…CNTF alone (in a collagen carrier) did not provide these types of assistance. Previous studies showed that growth factors combined with stem cells inside the conduits to induce neural recovery could be promising candidates for after facial nerve injury 50 . In our future work, CNTF should be combined with other neurotrophic factors or cell transplantation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled release of ciliary neurotrophic factor from bioactive nerve grafts promotes nerve regeneration in rats with facial nerve injuries

Wang

Yang

et al. 2021

J Biomedical Materials Res

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It is critical to repair severed facial nerves, as lack of treatment may cause long‐term motor and sensory impairments. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) plays an important role in terms of enhancing nerve axon regrowth and maturation during peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. However, simple application of CNTF to the transected nerve site does not afford functional recovery, because it is rapidly flushed away by bodily fluids. The aim of the present study was the construction of a new, bioactive composite nerve graft facilitating persistent CNTF delivery to aid the reconstruction of facial nerve defects. The in vitro study showed that the bioactive nerve graft generated sustainable CNTF release for more than 25 days. The bioactive nerve graft was then transplanted into the injury sites of rat facial nerves. At 6 and 12 weeks post‐transplantation, functional and histological analyses showed that the bioactive nerve graft featuring immobilized CNTF significantly enhanced nerve regeneration in terms of both axonal outgrowth and Schwann cell proliferation in the rat facial nerve gap model, compared to a collagen tube with adsorbed CNTF that initially released high levels of CNTF. The bioactive nerve graft may serve as novel, controlled bioactive release therapy for facial nerve regeneration.

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“…For a new bioengineering technology to be developed to meet clinical needs, preclinical studies are necessary. The animal models for preclinical studies of facial nerve injury repair include rodents, rabbits, and miniature pigs [36,37], among which rodents and rabbits are widely used because of their relatively low operation difficulty. The facial nerve distribution of these experimental animals is similar to that of humans.…”

Section: Development and Prospect Of Tissue Engineering Nerve Conduitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Organic Materials in Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Applications for Severed Facial Nerve Injury Repair

Sun,

Cao,

Pan

et al. 2024

Molecules

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The prevalence of facial nerve injury is substantial, and the restoration of its structure and function remains a significant challenge. Autologous nerve transplantation is a common treatment for severed facial nerve injury; however, it has great limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for clinical repair methods that can rival it. Tissue engineering nerve conduits are usually composed of scaffolds, cells and neurofactors. Tissue engineering is regarded as a promising method for facial nerve regeneration. Among different factors, the porous nerve conduit made of organic materials, which has high porosity and biocompatibility, plays an indispensable role. This review introduces facial nerve injury and the existing treatment methods and discusses the necessity of the application of porous nerve conduit. We focus on the application of porous organic polymer materials from production technology and material classification and summarize the necessity and research progress of these in repairing severed facial nerve injury, which is relatively rare in the existing articles. This review provides a theoretical basis for further research into and clinical interventions on facial nerve injury and has certain guiding significance for the development of new materials.

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Facial Nerve Repair: Bioengineering Approaches in Preclinical Models

Cited by 11 publications

References 163 publications

Chitosan Tubes Inoculated with Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Stem Cell Factor Enhance Facial Nerve-Vascularized Regeneration in Rabbits

Chitosan Tubes Inoculated with Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Stem Cell Factor Enhance Facial Nerve-Vascularized Regeneration in Rabbits

Controlled release of ciliary neurotrophic factor from bioactive nerve grafts promotes nerve regeneration in rats with facial nerve injuries

Porous Organic Materials in Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Applications for Severed Facial Nerve Injury Repair

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