Facile Preparation of AP/Cu(OH)₂ Core‐Shell Nanocomposites and Its Thermal Decomposition Behavior

Abstract

Ammonium perchlorate (AP)/Cu(OH)2 core‐shell nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using a facile ultrasonic assisted‐coprecipitation synthesis route. The obtained AP/Cu(OH)2 nanocomposites were characterized by means of powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Its thermal decomposition was studied under the non‐isothermal conditions with thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter (TG‐DSC) techniques. In this procedure, SEM and TEM observations revealed that Cu(OH)2 nanoparticles with an average size of 10–15 nm were uniformly deposited on the surface of AP particles. Detailed characterization results indicated that the existence of evidence of Cu(OH)2. As expected, it was found that the AP/Cu(OH)2 nanocomposites with mass fraction of 2 wt % Cu(OH)2 remarkably decreased the peak temperature of high temperature decomposition of AP by 80.2 °C from approximately 441.3 °C to 361.1 °C. As compared with pure AP, the AP/Cu(OH)2 nanocomposites show lower impact and friction sensitivity. These results may lead to potential applications of the AP/Cu(OH)2 nanocomposites in the composite solid propellants for accelerating the thermal decomposition of AP.

Significantly Enhanced Thermal Decomposition of Mechanically Activated Ammonium Perchlorate Coupling with Nano Copper Chromite

“…The same results have been reported in many literatures. We have also obtained the similar conclusion that nano-Cu­(OH) 2 could reduce the sensitivity of AP . In this paper, the activation energy increased, and the A has also increased at the same time, resulting in an increase in the reaction rate k , which reflected in the lower Δ G ≠ value.…”

“…We have also obtained the similar conclusion that nano-Cu(OH) 2 could reduce the sensitivity of AP. 30 In this paper, the activation energy increased, and the A has also increased at the same time, resulting in an increase in the reaction rate k, which reflected in the lower ΔG ≠ value. In this case, the increase in the A (the positive effect on the reaction rate) exceeds the increase in the activation energy (the negative effect on the reaction rate), which is comprehensively reflected by the increase in the reaction rate.…”

“…To explore the best catalytic effect of nano-CuCr 2 O 4 on ultrafine AP, the ball milling time would be controlled. Here, a series of nano-CuCr 2 O 4 /ultrafine AP composites with different dispersions would be prepared by selecting different ball milling times (30 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the samples was carried out (Nicolet iS10) in the range of 4000−500 cm −1 . The morphology of nano-CuCr 2 O 4 /ultrafine AP composites was examined by an S-4800II cold field scanning electron microscopy (Hitachi Corporation, Japan) equipped with an energy dispersion X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and their chemical compositions were determined by EDS.…”

Enhanced Catalytical and Photothermal Behavior Derived from Self‐Assembly Microsuperlattices of Cu1.8S for Laser Ignition

“…Recently, transition metal ions such as Fe[III], Co[II], and Cu[II] were reported to have catalytic effect on the AP degradation in terms of decreasing thermal decomposition temperature [13a,21] . Remarkably, Cu[I] doping was reported to accelerate combustion catalysis in hypergolic fuels, which has a short ignition delay time of 15 ms. [ 22 ] Considering the Cu[I] existing in AP@Cu 1.8 S, we wanted to find out whether Cu 1.8 S has similar catalytic effect on AP decomposition; thermogravimetric‐differential scanning calorimeter (TG‐DSC) analysis was employed and performed at a heating rate of 5 °C min −1 under a nitrogen atmosphere.…”

“…[ 12 ] On the other hand, Cu[II] derived from copper oxide nanomaterials with catalytic thermal decomposition property is able to decrease the pyrolysis temperature of AP. [ 13 ] In this study, we have synthesized high‐quality Cu 1.8 S nanocrystals (NCs) with the aim of decreasing the ignition threshold of AP. The resulting Cu 1.8 S NCs were able to assemble into closed‐packed superlattices on the surface of AP through a solvent evaporation‐based assembly approach ( Scheme ).…”