Facile synthesis of magnetic hybrid metal–organic frameworks with high adsorption capacity for methylene blue

Abstract

A magnetic hybrid material (Fe3O4‐COOH/HKUST‐1) was easily synthesized via a two‐step simple solvothermal method. Through adding sodium acrylate directly into the synthesis of Fe3O4 spheres, the surface has more carboxyl groups. It is notable that the reactions proceed without use of organic surfactants. The magnetic hybrid material was characterized using various techniques. The magnetic hybrid material has a high specific surface area (430.15 m2 g−1) and excellent magnetism (23.65 emu g−1). It is an efficient adsorbent for removing organic dyes like methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. It also can be easily recovered from liquid media using an external magnetic field. Adsorption experiment shows the magnetic hybrid material possesses a high adsorption capacity (118.6 mg g−1), and has high adsorption efficiency (94.3%) after five adsorption cycles with ethanol (0.2% HCl) as eluent. The sorption kinetics and isotherm analysis indicate these sorption processes are better fitted to the pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir equations. Thermodynamic study shows the sorption processes are spontaneous and endothermic.

Strategies for Overcoming Defects of HKUST‐1 and Its Relevant Applications

“…The process of fabrication is shown in Figure . Lin et al reported the adsorption of HKUST‐1 to MB synthesized by a hydrothermal method, whose mechanism was well deduced with the second‐order reaction, and it is similar to the research of Wang et al in kinetics features. Lin et al found the optimum range of pH is between 4 and 7, where negative HKUST‐1 was formed to absorb the cationic dye.…”

Comparative study of acid yellow 119 adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from lemon wood and ZnO nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon

“…Dye solutions (15 ml) of various concentrations were prepared. After adjustment of test solution pH (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9), an amount of adsorbent (0.01 g; ZnO-NPs-AC or AC) was loaded into the flask. The experiments were executed at 25°C and 4.0 min sonication time in an ultrasonic device.…”

“…Wastewaters may contain various organic contaminants and dyes may enter ecosystems through textile, cosmetic, leather, plastic, food and medicinal industries which are associated with increasing global environmental hazard . Among these, textile wastewater as a pollution source contains coloured material that greatly contributes to pollution of the water environment . Most dyes are carcinogenic, toxic in combinations and harmful, and decrease solar light penetration in aquatic media which subsequently generates harmful and hazardous problems for the environment and human health .…”

“…[1,2] Among these, textile wastewater as a pollution source contains coloured material that greatly contributes to pollution of the water environment. [3,4] Most dyes are carcinogenic, toxic in combinations and harmful, and decrease solar light penetration in aquatic media which subsequently generates harmful and hazardous problems for the environment and human health. [5][6][7] Therefore, many efforts have been made to construct and design ways to remove dyes and coloured compounds from effluents before being discharged into natural aqueous environments.…”

“…Lemon wood was obtained from Yasouj in Iran. AC was prepared according to our previous work and subsequently activated following treatment with concentrated HNO 3 and HCl for 24 h. The carbonized material was washed with purified water to remove the free acid and to clean the sample. Thereafter it was washed with purified water until approximately neutral pH and subsequently dried in an oven at 105°C for 24 h. The ZnO nanoparticles were produced according to standard literature procedures.…”